京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第12958号 / 論医博第2100号 / 新制||医||1011(附属図書館) / 32357 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 三嶋 理晃, 教授 三森 経世, 教授 浅野 雅秀 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Aggression linked to peer-based social rejection is a damaging and highly prevalent problem, especially during adolescence when peer relationships are particularly important. Because adolescence is a sensitive period for neural plasticity, identifying neural mechanisms that bias youth towards perpetrating aggression before habitual antisocial tendencies are instantiated may help develop novel interventions. Aggressive behavior is likely influenced by a complex cascade of neural responses that unfold across a social interaction, therefore methods that examine how neural network associations predict rejection-elicited aggression are needed. Progress towards this goal has been hindered by the limited availability of ecologically-valid fMRI-based social interaction tasks that delineate temporal stages within a social interaction, such as anticipation and receipt of peer feedback, and contemplating aggression. This study addresses these limitations by using a novel fMRI-based paradigm, the Virtual School and Aggression (VSA) task, to evoke rejection-elicited aggressive behavior in adolescents (N=34; 10-15 years). We demonstrate that engagement in the threat network while receiving rejecting feedback is predictive of subsequent aggressive behavior in adolescents. Lastly, we illustrate that engagement in the threat network while receiving nice feedback leads to inhibition in the cognitive control network while responding. These findings provide important targets to inform novel interventions for rejection-elicited aggression. / Psychology

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