In north central Texas, USA, free-water surface wetlands have been constructed to treat pre-treated wastewater effluent from the Trinity River. Water quality and vegetation data from the first two years of operation (June 2003 to May 2005) were used to determine cell-to-cell and system-wide removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). The wetland system consisted of one non-vegetated sedimentation basin and a series of four connected, vegetated wetland cells. Temporal analyses displayed varying monthly, seasonal and yearly trends of the wetlands’ concentration of the three parameters. Spatial analysis results confirmed that TSS, TP and TN concentrations were greater at the beginning of the system as compared to the end of the wetland system. Percent reduction analyses showed that the second wetland cell (WC2) was the most efficient in TSS, TP and TN removal, while the last wetland cell (WC4) had the lowest reduction of the three parameters. TSS removal was significant (α = 0.05) moving consecutively among the sites in the wetland system, with exception to the last wetland cell. TP removal was only significant (α = 0.05) moving from the third wetland cell (WC3) to WC4, while TN removal was significant (α = 0.05) moving from the sedimentation basin to the first wetland cell (WC1) and then again moving from WC3 to WC4. Overall removal efficiency of the wetland system (from the Trinity River to WC4) was quite high, with reductions over 97% for TSS, 47% for TP and 67% for TN. N:P ratios decreased moving consecutively throughout the field-scale wetlands. Vegetation analyses found WCs 1 and 3 to contain the greatest vegetation species richness, while WC2 had the lowest richness. The vegetative composition of the four cells was mostly the same. A comparison was conducted between the nutrient reduction efficiency and vegetation data of this wetland system with data from a pilotscale wetland system that was operated from 1992 to 2000. The findings of this study suggest that during the first two years of operation, the wetland system’s performance is comparable to the pilot-scale wetlands which were operated for eight years.

The origins and growth of this world city[Cape Town] parallels that of my family and the myriad of others who constituted its formative population. Its stories of conquest and domination, the pursuit of gain and love found - the ebb and flow of human need and triumph are contained in the life experience of the countless thousands who lived and worked in and who were this city. This thesis started off as a biographical discussion on my association with District One. The narrative of District One is about the topography of the land and people, while the archive of the area reflects a history of punishment, settlement, removal and memory.

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The origins and growth of this world city[Cape Town] parallels that of my family and the myriad of others who constituted its formative population. Its stories of conquest and domination, the pursuit of gain and love found - the ebb and flow of human need and triumph are contained in the life experience of the countless thousands who lived and worked in and who were this city. This thesis started off as a biographical discussion on my association with District One. The narrative of District One is about the topography of the land and people, while the archive of the area reflects a history of punishment, settlement, removal and memory.

The current research relates to a system driven by renewable energy and chemical energy contained in the feed, which will eliminate and reduce pathogens found in human excreta. A project in the form of an experiment for demonstration will be designed and built to operate in the local waste water treatment plant. Data will be analyzed and recorded, including fecal coliforms and E.coli levels, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solids removal (TS). The effectiveness of the system will depend upon results obtained and weather conditions. The principal objective of the research is to test and demonstrate that the "Small Decentralized ATAD" is successful in removing/eliminating enteric pathogens found in human excreta. Most importantly, the Bill and Melinda Gates Charity Foundation is providing financial support (Grants) for new sanitation ideas to help developing countries overcome diseases, specifically water borne diseases and also diseases related to hygiene and sanitation. Moreover, the "Water, Sanitation & Hygiene: Grand Challenges Explorations" granted a $100,000 Grant to Professor James Blackburn from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale in the Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes Department. Consequently, the "Decentralized Next Generation for Diarrheal Pathogens" project will be tested using the ATAD (Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion) to demonstrate its effectiveness in pathogen reduction and elimination.

Magister Artium - MA / This thesis started off as a biographical discussion on my association with District One. I was able to widen the scope of this thesis as my research brought more information to light with regard to the city’s past. The dramatic uncovering of the Prestwich burial ground and subsequent struggles provided the impetus to link the past with contemporary concerns on identity and memory. The narrative of District One is about the topography of the land and people while the archive of the area reflects a history of punishment, settlement, removal and memory. The disinterment of the skeletal remains from the Prestwich burial ground evokes a prior unsettlement and a historical routine of multiple dislocations and separations. The public domain contains seemingly little information on the history of the dockland area of District One. However, I want to suggest that the area has generated a powerful archaeological and social archive of the city’s founding antecedents. This includes the Khoi burials uncovered in Cobern Street, the slave burial ground at Prestwich Street and the denominational and paupers’ cemeteries along Somerset Road. These are a register of significant, yet inadequately understood, elements of the making of Cape Town. It is also the nexus of my personal history and I have written this thesis conscious of the tension between myself as an individual and as historian, and the importance of interrogating those early and formative experiences. / South Africa

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD(Water Resource Management))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / PhD / unrestricted