Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2009. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1997. / Bibliography: leaves 114-125.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 40 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (University of Texas Digital Repository, viewed on Sept. 10, 2009). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 52 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2007. / Thesis advisor: Peter A. Kyem. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Levando-se em consideração a grande demanda por água e por fim a poluição emergente nos dias de hoje, o gerenciamento dos corpos hídricos deve ser algo constante, com o propósito preventivo e corretivo, sendo o objetivo deste trabalho a análise das condições ecotoxicológicas e limnológicas dos reservatórios Guarapiranga, Billings e Paiva Castro, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, que é abastecida por tais reservatórios. Foram realizadas duas coletas, sedo uma em Maio de 2011, na estação seca, e outra em Janeiro de 2012, na estação chuvosa. Em cada reservatório foram analisados cinco pontos próximos à captação de água pela SABESP. A água e sedimento foram avaliados quanto à toxicidade aguda e crônica através de bioensaios com os cladóceros Daphnia similis e Ceriodaphnia dubia para a água e D. similis e Chironomus xanthus para o sedimento. O tratamento dos dados ocorreu através dos testes de Dunnett\'s ou Steel\'s Many-one Hank e Kruskal-Wallis (fecundidade / sobrevivência) e Fisher Exact Test (mortalidade). Os parâmetros limnológicos analisados na água foram: pH, temperatura, condutividade elétrica, material em suspensão (orgânico e inorgânico), sólidos totais, oxigênio dissolvido, DQO, DBO, nitrogênio total, nitrato, nitrito, amônio, fósforo total, ortofosfato e clorofila a. Os parâmetros físico-químicos do sedimento analisados foram: pH, temperatura, granulometria, teor de Matéria Orgânica e metais (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb e Mn). O grau de associação entre as variáveis limnológicas da água, sedimento, e testes ecotoxicológicos, foi avaliado em teste não-paramétrico, através do Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. As mesmas variáveis também foram analisadas através da Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP). O Índice de Estado Trófico mostrou serem os reservatórios Guarapiranga e Billings os mais eutrofizados dentre os corpos hídricos estudados. Conforme os parâmetros analisados na água, alguns parâmetros de certos pontos amostrais estiveram fora dos Padrões estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05. Houve influência das chuvas em relação aos parâmetros limnológicos da água, mas o mesmo não foi evidenciado em relação aos resultados dos testes ecotoxicológicos. No geral os dados sugerem ser o sedimento dos reservatórios com maior potencial tóxico do que a água. Os dados ainda sugerem um gradiente de toxicidade, começando pelo reservatório Billings, Guarapiranga e por último Paiva Castro, sendo este o menos tóxico. Houve uma possível correlação entre os metais encontrados no sedimento dos reservatórios mais eutrofizados e a toxicidade obtida nos testes ecotoxicológicos. Os dados sugerem que maiores esforços preventivos e corretivos devem ser alocados para os reservatórios mais eutrofizados e com maiores ocorrências de toxicidade, como é o caso de Guarapiranga e Billings, enquanto que no terceiro reservatório, Paiva Castro, o monitoramento e esforços preventivos serão satisfatórios, mantendo os padrões de qualidade de suas águas em relação aos parâmetros analisados neste trabalho. / Considering the great water demand and the increase pollution in the present-day, the management of the hydric bodies must be something constant, with the preventive and corrective purpose, being the objective of this work to analyze the ecotoxicological and limnological conditions of Guarapiranga, Billings and Paiva Castro reservoirs, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, that\'s supplied by these reservoirs. It was made 2 collections, one in May 2011, in the dry season, and the other in January 2012, in the wet season. In each reservoir it was analyzed 5 points next to the water captation station by the SABESP. The water and sediment were analyzed as for acute and chronic toxicity through bioEssays with the cladocerans Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia dubia to the water and D. similis and Chironomus Xanthus to the sediment. The data treatment occurred through the Dunnett\'s or Steel\'s Many-one Hank and Kruskal-Wallis (fecundity/ survival) and Fisher Exact Test (mortality). The limnological water parameters analyzed were: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, suspended solids (organic and inorganic), total solids, dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total phosphorus, orthophosphate and chlorophyll a. The physical-chemical analyzed parameters in sediment were: pH, temperature, granulometry, organic matter, and metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Mn). The association level between the limnological variables in water, sediment, and ecotoxicological tests, was available in non-parametric tests, through the Spearman correlation coefficient. The same variables were analyzed through the Principal Component Analysis. The Trophic State Index show the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoir as the most eutrophicated between the hydric bodies studied. According to the analyzed parameters in the water, some parameters of certain points were out of the standards established by CONAMA Resolution nº 357/05. There was influence from the rain in relation to the limnological parameters from water, but the same standard was not evidenced in relation to the results from the ecotoxicological tests. In general, the data suggest being the reservoir sediments with more toxic potential than the water. The data still suggest a toxicity gradient, beginning in the Billings and Guarapiranga reservoir, and for last Paiva Castro, being this one the less toxic. There was one possible correlation between the metal found in the more eutrophicated reservoir sediment and the toxicity obtained in the ecotoxicological tests. The data suggest that greater preventive and corrective efforts must be allocated to the more eutrophicated reservoirs with more toxicity occurrences, as the case of Guarapiranga and Billings, while in the third reservoir, Paiva Castro, the monitoring and preventive efforts will be satisfactory, keeping the water quality standard in relation to the parameters analyzed in this work.

Orientador: Denis José Schiozer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_GuilhermeNascimentoRodrigues_M.pdf: 5330624 bytes, checksum: 05bfb1e1e9cd9bb8c8c69e3e8ddc0eac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O processamento submarino é considerado uma tecnologia potencial para antecipar a produção de campos localizados em águas profundas e reduzir, em alguns casos, os custos associados às instalações de superfície. Ele pode ser definido como qualquer tratamento dado ao fluido produzido no leito submarino. Dentre as tecnologias disponíveis, a Separação Submarina Gás- Líquido (SSGL) atualmente é a mais avançada para aplicações em águas profundas. A maneira mais recomendada para quantificar as vantagens de longo prazo dessas tecnologias é através da Modelagem Integrada da Produção (MIP), uma abordagem que integra a simulação de reservatórios com o sistema de produção do campo. A motivação do presente trabalho surgiu da necessidade de quantificar o incremento de produção de óleo a ser obtido pelas tecnologias de processamento submarino. O objetivo é utilizar a MIP para comparar a produção de um reservatório através de duas tecnologias de elevação artificial: SSGL e Gas Lift Contínuo (GLC). A comparação entre o SSGL e o GLC foi realizada em dois estudos de casos. No primeiro, utilizou-se um modelo homogêneo para que a comparação se restringisse apenas aos métodos de elevação. No segundo caso, um modelo sintético heterogêneo, construído a partir de dados reais, foi utilizado para comparar os métodos numa situação próxima à real. Os resultados mostraram a capacidade da tecnologia SSGL em antecipar a produção de óleo, através da redução da contrapressão e pelo aumento da queda de pressão no poço, conhecida como drawdown. Além disso, a manutenção da pressão do reservatório se mostrou um elemento chave para a tecnologia SSGL. A combinação das tecnologias (SSGL + GLC) mostrou ser uma boa opção para incrementar a produção de óleo durante um período de revitalização do campo. O SSGL foi capaz de produzir o mesmo volume de óleo que o GLC utilizando um diâmetro de coluna e linha de produção menor. Por fim, a MIP mostrou ser flexível para permitir simular casos com restrições tecnológicas, difíceis de serem consideradas apenas com a simulação de reservatórios / Abstract: Subsea processing is considered a potential technology to increase production in deepwater fields and reduce, in some cases, costs related to surface facilities. It can be defined as any treatment of the produced fluids performed on the seabed. Among the available technologies, Subsea Gas- Liquid Separation (SGLS) is the most advanced for deep water applications. The most recommended way to quantify the long term advantages of this technology is through Integrated Production Modeling (IPM), which integrates reservoir and surface facilities models into a single model. The motivation of the present work is the need to quantify the incremental oil recovery that might be achieved through subsea processing. The objective is to compare the production of a reservoir through two artificial lift methods: SGLS and Continuous Gas Lift (CGL). The comparison between SGLS and CGL was performed in two case studies. In the first one, a homogeneous reservoir model was used, so the comparison was focused on the artificial lift technologies. In the second case, a heterogeneous reservoir model, built with real data, was used to compare both methods in a more realistic reservoir scenario. The results showed the capability of anticipating production by the reduction of the backpressure and the increase of the drawdown through SGLS. Besides, reservoir pressure maintenance appeared as key element for this technology. A combination of the technologies (SGLS + CGL) was found to be a good option to increase oil production during the revitalization phase of the field. SGLS was able to produce the same volume of oil obtained with CGL using a smaller tubing and production diameter. IPM showed a more flexible option to simulate scenarios with technological constraints, capturing effects that are difficult to be caught using only reservoir simulation / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Master of Arts / Department of Geography / Jida Wang / In the 1950s-60s, the world was experiencing a dramatic increase in artificial water impoundments in an unprecedented effort to eliminate spatial and temporal variations in water accessibility. Dam construction has since decreased, but recently, efforts to supply water and power to a booming world population may once again spark another dam construction boom. Water supplies in some regions are already highly stressed in an effort to satisfy the ever-growing water demand for agriculture, industrial, and domestic uses. With nearly 30% of the world’s population living in water-scarce regions, an improved understanding of total stored surface water has never been more needed. Yet, a complete and spatially-explicit, worldwide inventory of such storage capabilities is lacking. Using several open-source dam registries and high-resolution global lake mapping datasets extracted from thousands of Landsat images, we here aim to provide an updated and spatially-explicit inventory of dams and artificial reservoirs across the world. The following research uses novel techniques to merge 5 authoritative, open-source dam registries into a single dam and reservoir dataset, which we deemed as the Global Dam and Reservoir Inventory (GDRI). In total, GDRI documents 89,500 dams and 83,767 reservoirs for a total capacity of 8,492km3 and total surface area of 754,551km2. Reservoirs account for approximately 2.5% of the Earth’s terrestrial water. In other words, 1 unit of water for every 40 units has been artificially created. Further downscaling of the non-geocoded records provided by the International Commission of Large Dams (ICOLD) using similar geocoding methods allowed for the thorough use of all available ICOLD records. Additional capacity estimates from downscaled ICOLD records increased the GDRI capacity documentation to 8,603km3 and surface area documentation to 859,271km2. Compared to its counterpart, the Global Reservoir and Dam dataset (GRanD), GDRI increased the number of dams documented by 1204%, reservoirs by 1127%, total capacity by 37%, and total surface area by 68%. Initial water impoundment from dam construction activities can lower sea level by permanently trapping water storage on land. Dam construction resulted in an equivalent sea level drop (SLD) of 23.4mm or 0.08mm/yr. Since the dam construction boom of the 1950s-1960s, yearly SLD increased to 0.27mm/yr. By considering the hydrological characteristics of dam location, in terms of endorheic and exorheic basins, we found that exclusion of endorheic located dams decreases the overall effect on SLD by 5.47% or 1.28mm. Failure to consider the hydrologic characteristic of dam location can result in the overestimation of dam-induced SLD. After the dam construction boom of the 1950s-1960s, the world has seen a decreasing trend in dam construction, but developing countries (China, Brazil, India) are still actively pursuing dam projects that are larger and more ambitious than ever before. We see less developed countries often lack the capabilities for dam construction possibly increasing stress on natural water supplies in those regions. The datasets produced are by no means perfect. Overall, the described procedures should be considered a heuristic model, where fastidious quality assurance and automated procedures work to thoroughly eliminate many of the issues encountered with the dataset production, but errors may still exist. However, duplication between the contributing dam datasets, spatial limitations of the lake datasets, imperfect geocoding procedures, and inclusion of more dam datasets provide opportunity for future refinement and improvement of the datasets. This research contributes vital information about anthropogenic water resources that incrementally enhances our knowledge of global hydrology and the interactions taking place between different water entities.