Thesis (M.S.)--Washington State University, 2004. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 28, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-158).

Thesis (M. L. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes special report study entitled: Industrial constructed freshwater wetland for waterfowls and water treatment. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in crop science)--Washington State University, August 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 30, 2010). "Department of Crop and Soil Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.

Elastic optical networks (EON) are an emerging solution to improve the capacity and flexibility of optical transport networks. EONs are comprised of a flexgrid spectrum, bandwidth variable transponders (BVT), and supporting optical cross connections. The evolution of EONs has facilitated the grouping of optical signal carriers, or network media channels (NMC), into parent media channels (MC). Concatenating NMCs, which traverse the same source to destination, into a MC reduces the requirement for guard-bands between channels. This provides an opportunity to treat multiple channels as a single entity in routing algorithms, spectrum assignment, and survivability schemes. The literature review conducted in this thesis found that the research in the protection and restoration schemes utilizing NMC and MC entities is lacking. This thesis aims to provide different proposals for both protection and restoration that enhance the survivability, flexibility, and spectral efficiency of EONs. Through MC and NMC identifiers, protection or restoration schemes are employed with an associated Class of Service (CoS) to an individual NMC or a MC as a whole entity. The protection schemes proposed in this thesis are; selected, divided, and mixed protection. Selected protection aims to reduce the required reserved resources by only protecting high priority traffic within a MC. Divided protection offers flexibility by dividing protection resources in a MC to multiple protection paths. Mixed protection incorporates both selected and divided protection into one scheme. The protection schemes are analyzed against the pre-existing dedicated protection. Restoration schemes are also proposed in this thesis. The novel approach to restoration drops lower priority NMCs in the event of a link fault when there is insufficient spectrum to restore all NMCs within an MC. The proposed restoration scheme is compared to fundamental restoration techniques, that are available in the predecessor fixed grid networks. The proposed approaches in protection and restoration provide a solution to flexgrid survivability implementations and improve the efficiency of spectrum protected and restored in the event of a single link failure.

It is a common feeling among archivists that the basic principles of archival theory may have to be examined and redefined in light of the development of computer technology. This need exists not so much because archivists are currently faced with a new and unfamiliar medium, but because the new technology changes not only the uses made of the information but also the way in which we perceive it. The many attempts to approach the problem in the last twenty years have tended to be focused on single archival functions rather than on fundamental archival principles, and the solutions proposed were essentially practical. This thesis takes a global approach to archival theory and tries to answer the general question: are traditional archival principles valid as a guide in the treatment of machine readable records? In order to answer this question, the thesis puts into relationship the terminologies of computer and archival science, analyses and reconciles them, and proceeds to examine the basic concepts of the nature of archives and records, their life cycle, their appraisal, arrangement and methods of communication, and studies their application to machine readable records. The conclusion of this study is that the theoretical foundation of archival science is valid for the management of all archival documents regardless of their physical medium, and that any differences in treatment are a result of practical application of the theory. However, the development and diffused use of computer technology have opened new areas of concern to all archivists which must be explored from a theoretical perspective. Archival science does not, therefore, need to be redefined, but merely expanded. / Arts, Faculty of / Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of / Graduate

As the Americans have become more aware of the impact to the environment from the human induced disturbances which includes physical, chemical and biological disturbances to the degradation of streams and rivers, many studies and experiments have been done in an attempt to restore streams and rivers to more natural conditions. At the same time, success in public education and community involvement has encouraged grass-root movements that engage people in stream restoration efforts. Stroubles Creek is a freshwater stream located in Blacksburg, Virginia. The creek has experienced considerable disturbance due to land use changes over the past 100 years. The Stroubles Creek Water Initiative (SCWI), originated by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center at Virginia Tech, has been monitoring the creek for a number of years. This paper develops a planning framework for restoring and/or rehabilitating Stroubles Creek within the Town of Blacksburg. The results of stream monitoring and other research by SCWI are used to inform the recommended planning process, while a literature review and discussion of “urban stream restoration case studies” are used to guide future decision-making related to Stroubles Creek restoration/rehabilitation. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Rotenone is considered essential in the restoration of native fish populations; however, the technique is contentious and criticized, specifically concerning impacts to invertebrates. Knowledge of effects to non-target organisms is important for the management and conservation of fish populations. This thesis has two general objectives: (1) demonstrate the influence CFT Legumine™ rotenone has on benthic macroinvertebrates for restoration projects in Montana and New Mexico and (2) evaluate the immediate response by means of invertebrate drift. Chapters 2 and 4 incorporate results from four different restoration projects that examine benthic macroinvertebrate response. Results indicate treatment effects are minimal for Specimen and Cherry Creek projects in Montana. New Mexico projects, Comanche and Costilla Creek suggest a greater influence. Potassium permanganate used to neutralize rotenone, influenced communities in three of the four projects. Regardless, invertebrates in all four projects recovered one-year after treatment. Chapter 3 examines macroinvertebrate drift during rotenone treatment. Results suggest a delayed response compared to previous literature. Rotenone appears to have the greatest immediate influence on the early life stages of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. To reduce impacts of rotenone to invertebrates, managers should apply CFT Legumine and use the minimal dosage and duration to complete the projects goal of removing non-indigenous fish species.

Exotic invasive aquatic weeds such as alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) threaten native ecosystems by interfering with native plant communities, disrupting hydrology, and diminishing water quality. Development of new tools to combat invaders is important for the well being of these sensitive areas. Integrated pest management offers managers an approach that combines multiple control methods for better control than any one method used exclusively. In a greenhouse and field study, we tested the effects of selective herbicide application frequency, native competitor plant introduction, and their integration on alligator weed. In the greenhouse study, alligator weed shoot, root, and total biomass were reduced with one herbicide application, and further reduced with two. Alligator weed cumulative stem length and shoot/root ratio was only reduced after two applications. In the greenhouse, introduction of competitors did not affect alligator weed biomass, but did affect shoot/root ratio. The interaction of competitor introduction and herbicide did not significantly influence alligator weed growth in the greenhouse study. In the field, alligator weed cover was reduced after one herbicide application, but not significantly more after a second. Introduction of competitor species had no effect on alligator weed cover, nor did the interaction of competitor species and herbicide application. This study demonstrates that triclopyr amine herbicide can reduce alligator weed biomass and cover, and that two applications are more effective than one. To integrate selective herbicides and native plant introduction successfully for alligator weed control, more research is needed on the influence competition can potentially have on alligator weed growth, and the timing of herbicide application and subsequent introduction of plants.

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