Book review of `Kenya Coast Handbook. Culture, resources and development in the East African littoral`by Jan Hoorweg, Dick Foeken & R. A. Obudho.

Several research studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of check-in/ check-out (CICO) procedures in behavior education programs (BEPs). However, little research has been conducted on implementing CICO procedures specifically for special education students. This study examined the effects of CICO procedures on six junior high students receiving special education services. Baseline data of targeted behaviors were collected during the first two weeks of the third six weeks grading period. The participants were receiving special education services due to a previous Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) committee decision. CICO procedures are part of a secondary level behavior support system typically found in the BEP. The CICO procedures include a morning check-in, teacher feedback on a daily behavior report card (DBRC), an afternoon check-out, and weekly parent notification of student performance. A token economy system and behavior team meetings are two components also involved in implementing the CICO procedures. Intervention data were collected during implementation of the CICO procedures during the remaining three weeks of the third six weeks grading period. The intervention was not implemented the last week of the grading period due to final exams. The CICO procedures had high social validity ratings. Reliability, limitations and implications for future research on the current study are discussed.

The primary purpose of the study was tri-fold. The study was conducted to (1) determine differences between faculty users and faculty non-users awareness, perceptions and attitudes about the role and processes of the IRB on one 1890 land grant campus; (2) determine when controlling for status, rank, years of service, and age and the degree to which these variables contributed to the identification of the faculty profile for faculty users and faculty non-users of the local IRB at one 1890 land grant university; and (3) expand scholarly works and empirical literature related to the local IRB's role in human participant's research and its impact upon the university land grant community. This study was conducted at one 1890 land grant institution located in south central United States during the fall of 2007. The sample group consisted of 50 faculty who were self-identified as faculty users and faculty non-users of the IRB and reported their status, rank, years of service, and age. An electronic survey instrument was used to obtain data for this study. Secondary data was secured and analyses were conducted to assess the levels of awareness, perceptions, and attitudes about the role and processes of the Institutional Review Board (IRB), using the SPSS analysis package. Several procedures were employed to aggregate the data: frequencies and cross tabulations, analysis of variances of covariates (ANCOVA), and multivariate analyses of covariates (MANCOVA) to compare specific group mean scores of faculty users and faculty non-users, tenure and tenure track. The significance level was set using an alpha level of .05. The findings revealed (1) that faculty users and faculty non-users had differences between the levels of awareness and attitude; (2) perception remained high among faculty users and faculty non-users; however, (3) when controlling for years of service and age, there were significant differences between the faculty user and faculty nonuser groups.

The present journal article formatted dissertation assessed the characteristics of effect sizes of commonly used statistical techniques. In the first study, the author examined the American Educational Research Journal (AERJ) and select American Psychological Association (APA) and American Counseling Association (ACA) journals to provide an historical account and synthesis of which statistical techniques were most prevalent in the fields of education and psychology. These reviews represented a total of 17,698 techniques recorded from 12,012 articles. Findings point to a general decrease in the use of the tvtest and ANOVA/ANCOVA and a general increase in the use of regression and factor/cluster analysis. In the second study, the author compared the efficacy of one Pearson r2 and seven multiple R2 correction formulas for the Pearson r2. The author computed adjustment bias and precision under 108 conditions (6 population p2 values, 3 shape conditions and 6 sample size conditions). The Pratt and the Olkin-Pratt Extended formulas more consistently provided unbiased estimates across sample sizes, p2 values and the shape conditions investigated. In the third study, the author evaluated the robustness of estimates of practical significance (n2, e2 and w2) in one-way between subjects univariate ANOVA. There were 360 simulation conditions (5 population Cohen's d values, 4 group proportion ratios, 3 shape conditions, 3 variance conditions, and 2 total sample size conditions) for each of three group configurations (2, 3 and 4 groups). Three indices of practical significance (n2, e2, w2) and two indices of statistical significance (Type I error and power) were computed for each of the 5,400, 000 (5,000 replications x 360 simulation conditions x 3 group configurations). Simulation findings for n2 under heterogeneous variance conditions indicated that for the k=2 and k=3 condition Cohen's d values up to 0.2 (up to 0.5 for k=4) tend to produce overestimated population n2 values. Under heterogeneous variance conditions for e2 and w2 at Cohen's d = 0.0 and 0.2, the negative variance pairing overestimated and the positive variance pairing underestimated the parameter n2 but at Cohen's d greater than or equal to 0.5, both the positive and negative variance conditions resulted in underestimated parameter n2 values.

With the rapid expansion of e-commerce, the Web has become an excellent source for gathering customer opinions (or so-called customer reviews). Customer reviews are essential for merchants or product manufacturers to understand general responses of customers on their products for product or marketing campaign improvement. In addition, customer reviews can enable merchants better understand specific preferences of individual customers and facilitates making effective marketing decisions. Prior data mining research mainly concentrates on analyzing customer demographic, attitudinal, psychographic, transactional, and behavioral data for supporting customer relationship management and marketing decision making and did not pay attention to the use of customer reviews as additional source for marketing intelligence. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop an efficient and effective opinion summarization technique. Specifically, we will propose a semantic-based product feature extraction technique (SPE) which aims at improving the existing product feature extraction technique and is desired to enhance the overall opinion summarization effectiveness.

In response to the rapid economic transitions in Taiwan and abroad, government bureaus shall establish, promote, and execute internal control, besides the reform and review of laws, regulations, and systems. Although the internal control and internal audit procedures, as well as the allocation budgets, in government bureaus have followed related standards, auditing departments are still reporting major financial scandals and financial flaws, and informing suggestions and improvements. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the roles of accountants from the perspectives of internal control, internal review, and internal auditing. The research methods included questionnaire survey and literature review. Self-developed scale on ¡§The role of governmental accountants from the perspectives of internal control, internal review, and internal auditing¡¨. The samples included accountants and non-accountants of government bureaus in Taiwan and Kinmen areas. And the types of bureaus included ministries of the central government, Taipei City Government, Kaohsiung City Government, and bureaus of local counties and cities. The results are as below: 1. Both accountants and non-accountants are highly identified with the systems of internal control, internal review, and internal auditing, difficulty in executions, and outcomes of fault-proof. Except for significant difference in some parts of internal auditing, all others have no significant difference. 2. Accountants with different backgrounds and seniority in internal control and internal review have significant differences in identification; there is high identification with difficulty in executions and outcomes of fault-proof in internal auditing, except for parts of significant difference. The suggestions are as follow: 1) present the questionnaire in a more practical way to allow the subjects answering questions based on their experience; 2) probe into the integrated topic of the role of internal auditing and external auditing to enhance the administrative performance; 3) carry out comparison analysis for accountants of different bureaus; 4) interpret the background variables of the subjects, including work environment, bureau rank, and suitable systems to make the results more practical. Keywords: government bureau, accountants, internal control, internal review, internal auditing

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This article releases of Constitutional Interpretation No.613 of Grand Justices, Judicial Yuan.Discussion jurisdiction and legislative power of separation of power boundary.Judicial review since U.S.A.'s Marbury v.s Madison case is developed in 1803 .Safeguards the people's basic right not the illegal violation.The most countries introduces for the world. Grand Justices enjoy the good name of ¡§the constitution protector¡¨.Is only short of the public opinion to be authorized and counter-majoritarian diffculty, Causes the democratic validity to be subject to the question, between ¡§the judicature is positive¡¨ and ¡§the judicature is negative¡¨,it is become Judicial review development mechanism the important topic. Administration, legislation and judicial is also known as trias politica, Performing its own functions, doctrine of separation of powers for most important constitutional government principle, The Congress direct gathering people meaning indicated that.Is on behalf of the Popular Sovereignty for State agency, three read through the law, suffers unexpectedly declares invalid, and has the abstract standard potency, sends the Judicial review from ¡§the constitutional interpreter¡¨ to become ¡§the legislator¡¨ or ¡§framers of constitution¡¨ the negative appraisal. This article advocated that the Judicial review should distinguish the people's basic right or the pure institution in advance disputes and so on, is safeguarding the people's basic right case, should involve positively, being suitable of the non-judicial self-restraint principle. The Judicial review should not take the doctrine of political question the separation of power the only boundary, should accumulate the case type, develops standard of the difference, avoids fording into the pure institution jurisdiction dispute. Constitutional Interpretation article should not ¡§the legalization¡¨, be supposed to establish the mechanism of ¡§retires after meritorious service¡¨.

Purpose: This work systematically reviews the extant academic management literature on supply networks. It specifically examines how network configurations and network governance mechanisms influence each other in supply networks. Design: 125 analytical and empirical studies were identified using an evidence-based approach to review the literature mainly published between 1985 and 2012. Synthesis: Drawing on a multi-disciplinary theoretical foundation, this work develops an integrative framework to identify three distinct yet interdependent themes that characterize the study of supply networks: a) Network Configurations (structures and relationships); b) Network Governance Mechanisms (formal and informal); and c) The Interplay between Network Configurations and Network Governance Mechanisms. Findings: Network configurations and network governance mechanisms mutually influence each other and cannot be considered in isolation. Formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes. The choice of governance mechanism depends on the nature of exchange; role of management; desired level of control; level of flexibility in formal contracts; and complementary role of formal and informal governance mechanism. Research implications: This nascent field has thematic and methodological research opportunities for academics. Comparative network analysis using longitudinal case studies offers a rich area for further study. Practical Implications: The complexity surrounding the conflicting roles of managers at the organisation and network levels poses a significant challenge during the development and implementation stage of strategic network policies. Originality/value: This review reveals that formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes.