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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Better understanding of canine telomerase and its potential applications in canine oncology

Liu, Yu January 2012 (has links)
Telomerase, discovered in 1985, is considered a near-universal marker of malignancy and therefore has a potential use in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. In this study, I used several approaches to gain a better understanding of telomerase and its potential applications in the canine context, for both cancer therapeutics and diagnosis. Having already developed an effective siRNA viral vector in vitro, the challenge still remained to deliver it efficiently in vivo. Thus, I initially investigated two possible approaches for in vivo delivery. First, I investigated a cell-based system for direct delivery to the tumours. Specifically I optimised a system for efficient gene-transfer to endothelial cells using a green fluorescent protein plasmid vector, and monitored systemic delivery by ex vivo imaging of dye-labelled cells in a canine xenograft tumour mouse model. In parallel, in vitro I investigated the gene transfer mediated by a novel dendrimer vector that can form nanoparticles with DNA and accumulate in tumour sites in vivo after i.v. administration. In order to utilize these delivery systems, I developed a DNA plasmid-based siRNA vector and tested its efficacy on canine tumour cells. To investigate telomerase as a cancer biomarker, I conducted a study that aimed to detect circulating telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA in serum taken from canine cancer patients. For this I developed several systems for effective RNA isolation from serum and used both conventional and quantitative PCR assays to detect TERT expression. Although for the first time I can confirm the existence of mRNA in serum of canine cancer patients, in this clinical study, I could only detect telomerase transcripts in a very small proportion of canine cancer patients. In a final pilot study to investigate anti-ageing technologies, I looked at the potential for drug-dependant telomerase induction rather than inhibition. For this I investigated the ability of three candidate drugs to induce TERT mRNA activation in canine embryonic fibroblasts. In this study, telomerase induction was measured using the quantitative PCR method that I had developed for serum detection. In summary, I have demonstrated that a cell-based delivery vehicle has a potential application in cancer therapy, but that more development is required before it can be applied clinically. I have also reported here that PPIG3 dendrimer-based gene transfer in vitro is low in canine cancer cells and thus require more optimisation and development before it can be utilised as an efficient systemic delivery vehicle. For the siRNA experiment, unfortunately, I did not observe any telomerase genesilencing in canine cancer cells using the plasmid-based siRNA expression vector, and therefore the gene sequence of cTR that we were targeting as well as the siRNA plasmid-vector that we used needs further validation in canine cells. I also suggest that TERT mRNA may not be a good serum biomarker for canine cancer diagnostics as I did not find TERT transcript in most of our serum samples from canine cancer patients, although circulating mRNA of a housekeeping gene was detected. Finally, in a pilot study, I have demonstrated that telomerase can be induced in normal canine somatic cells using small molecules. However, the long-term effects of telomerase induction on ageing must be determined in future studies.
2

Análise dos efeitos da superexpressão do componente RNA da telomerase de Leishmania major (LeishTER)

Vassilievitch, Alessandro Cabral. January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Isabel Nogueira Cano / Resumo: Parasitos do gênero Leishmania pertencem à família Trypanosomatidae, os quais causam a leishmaniose, doença tropical negligenciada, que pode se apresentar em três formas clínicas: cutânea, mucocutânea e visceral. O Brasil é um dos países mais afetados pela doença, devido principalmente às condições socioeconômicas, às mudanças climáticas e ambientais. Pesquisas relacionadas à biologia da Leishmania contribuem para o entendimento dos mecanismos fisiológicos do parasito, e assim fornecem a possibilidade de encontrar novos alvos terapêuticos. O estudo dos telômeros de Leishmania se mostram promissores, já que estão relacionados com a estabilidade do genoma. Os telômeros estão localizados nas extremidades dos cromossomos e são responsáveis por proteger os cromossomos assegurando que a informação genética seja corretamente copiada durante a duplicação celular. Os telômeros são elongados por uma transcritase reversa especializada denominada telomerase. A telomerase é uma ribonucleoproteína, constituída por duas subunidades, uma proteína com função de transcriptase reversa denominada TERT, e um componente RNA (TER) que contém a sequência do molde da repetição telomérica copiado pela TERT. Estudos recentes mostram que o TER possui outras funções além de conter apenas um molde para elongamento dos telômeros. Sua estrutura secundária possui domínios com funções de controle da inserção de nucleotídeos pelo TERT, reconhecimento da sequência e ligação de proteínas acessórias. Recentemente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Parasites of the Leishmania genus belong to the Trypanosomatide family, which present peculiar and particular characteristics. Among them are the species that cause leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease that can be expressed in three different clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Brazil is one of the most affected countries, due mainly to socioeconomic conditions, climate change and environmental alterations. Research related to the biology of Leishmania contributes to the understanding of the important physiological mechanisms of the parasite, and thus provide new therapeutic targets against the disease. The study of Leishmania telomeres appears promising since they related are to the genome stability. Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures located at the ends of the chromosomes and are responsible for protecting the chromosomes ensuring that the genetic information copied is correctly during cell duplication. DNA polymerase does not elongate telomeres as the rest of the genetic material, and thus maintained are by the action of a specialized reverse transcriptase named telomerase. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein minimally composed by two subunits, a protein with reverse transcriptase function TERT, and an RNA component (TER) that contains the telomeric repeat template sequence copied by TERT. Recent studies shown that TER has other functions besides being just a template for telomeres elongation. Its secondary structure has domains with control fun... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
3

Predição de RNAs não codificantes e sua aplicação na busca do componente RNA da telomerase / Noncoding RNA prediction and its application in the telomerase RNA component searching

Lima, Ariane Machado 20 December 2006 (has links)
RNAs não codificantes (ncRNAs) têm ganho crescente prestígio nos últimos anos devido a recentes e contínuas descobertas revelando sua diversidade e importância. Porém, a identificação dessas moléculas ainda é um problema em aberto. Em particular, Plasmodium falciparum é um desafio para a pesquisa de ncRNAs, onde poucos foram identificados até o momento. P. falciparum é o parasita que causa uma malária humana letal. A descoberta de novos ncRNAs neste organismo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos. Este trabalho faz um estudo sobre técnicas computacionais para a predição de ncRNAs e, utilizando como objeto de estudo P. falciparum, propõe uma metodologia de predição que seja aplicável inclusive a genomas com viés composicional. A ênfase deste estudo foi a predição de ncRNAs família-específicos, utilizando o componente RNA da telomerase como objeto de estudo. Este é um importante RNA que, devido à sua alta taxa de mutação, é de difícil identificação. Este RNA ainda não foi identificado em P. falciparum. No entanto, evidências biológicas indicam que este RNA é presente, funcional e deve ser essencial ao parasita, caracterizando-se como um alvo de drogas. Além disso, foi realizado um trabalho preliminar sobre a predição de ncRNAs em geral em P. falciparum utilizando uma abordagem comparativa. / Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been receiving increasing prestige in the last years due to recent and continuous discoveries revealing their diversity and importance. However, the identification of these molecules is still an open problem. In particular, Plasmodium falciparum is a challenge for the ncRNA research, in which few ncRNAs have been identified. P. falciparum is the parasite that causes a lethal human malaria. The discovery of new ncRNAs in this organism may help in the development of new treatments. This work does a research of computational techniques for the ncRNA prediction and, by using P. falciparum as target, proposes a prediction methodology which is also applicable to compositionally biased genomes. The emphasis of this study was the prediction of family-specific ncRNAs, by using the telomerase RNA component as target. This is an important RNA that has a high mutation rate, being difficult to predict. This RNA has not been identified in P. falciparum, yet. However, biological evidences indicate this RNA is present, functional and might be essential for the parasite, being a drug target. In addition, this work presents preliminary results about the prediction of general ncRNAs in P. falciparum by using a comparative approach.
4

Predição de RNAs não codificantes e sua aplicação na busca do componente RNA da telomerase / Noncoding RNA prediction and its application in the telomerase RNA component searching

Ariane Machado Lima 20 December 2006 (has links)
RNAs não codificantes (ncRNAs) têm ganho crescente prestígio nos últimos anos devido a recentes e contínuas descobertas revelando sua diversidade e importância. Porém, a identificação dessas moléculas ainda é um problema em aberto. Em particular, Plasmodium falciparum é um desafio para a pesquisa de ncRNAs, onde poucos foram identificados até o momento. P. falciparum é o parasita que causa uma malária humana letal. A descoberta de novos ncRNAs neste organismo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos. Este trabalho faz um estudo sobre técnicas computacionais para a predição de ncRNAs e, utilizando como objeto de estudo P. falciparum, propõe uma metodologia de predição que seja aplicável inclusive a genomas com viés composicional. A ênfase deste estudo foi a predição de ncRNAs família-específicos, utilizando o componente RNA da telomerase como objeto de estudo. Este é um importante RNA que, devido à sua alta taxa de mutação, é de difícil identificação. Este RNA ainda não foi identificado em P. falciparum. No entanto, evidências biológicas indicam que este RNA é presente, funcional e deve ser essencial ao parasita, caracterizando-se como um alvo de drogas. Além disso, foi realizado um trabalho preliminar sobre a predição de ncRNAs em geral em P. falciparum utilizando uma abordagem comparativa. / Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been receiving increasing prestige in the last years due to recent and continuous discoveries revealing their diversity and importance. However, the identification of these molecules is still an open problem. In particular, Plasmodium falciparum is a challenge for the ncRNA research, in which few ncRNAs have been identified. P. falciparum is the parasite that causes a lethal human malaria. The discovery of new ncRNAs in this organism may help in the development of new treatments. This work does a research of computational techniques for the ncRNA prediction and, by using P. falciparum as target, proposes a prediction methodology which is also applicable to compositionally biased genomes. The emphasis of this study was the prediction of family-specific ncRNAs, by using the telomerase RNA component as target. This is an important RNA that has a high mutation rate, being difficult to predict. This RNA has not been identified in P. falciparum, yet. However, biological evidences indicate this RNA is present, functional and might be essential for the parasite, being a drug target. In addition, this work presents preliminary results about the prediction of general ncRNAs in P. falciparum by using a comparative approach.

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