O Laboratório do Acelerador Linear (LAL) do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo está construindo um acelerador de elétrons do tipo Mícrotron. O acelerador possui dois estágios de aceleração: o Mícrotron booster e o Mícrotron Principal. Atualmente, o sistema injetor do acelerador, que é um acelerador linear, dispõe de um feixe de elétrons de 1,9 MeV. Este feixe será inserido no primeiro estágio de aceleração, o Mícrotron booster, que já está construído e será testado em breve. Sua função é elevar a energia do feixe para 5 MeV. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de otimizar os parâmetros de operação do Mícrotron booster por meio de simulação. Também tivemos como objetivo estudar a viabilidade da adaptação do projeto original, com feixe de entrada de 1,765 MeV, para um feixe de entrada de 1,9 MeV. Tendo como foco principal encontrar a admitância do acelerador, foram desenvolvidas algumas rotinas de simulação. A admitância do Mícrotron booster para um feixe de 1,765 MeV foi calculada em 3,08 pi mm.mrad, 0,58 pi mm.mrad e 0,38 pi keV.rad para os espaços de fase horizontal, vertical e longitudinal, respectivamente. Para o feixe de 1,9 MeV, uma condição de aceleração foi encontrada e os valores de admitância foram 3,65 pi mm.mrad, 0,62 pi mm.mrad e 0,77 pi keV.rad para os mesmos espaços de fase. Dados de caracterizações do feixe, realizados em trabalhos anteriores foram utilizados para determinar a configuração das lentes quadrupolares responsáveis pela inserção do feixe no acelerador. Tais simulações darão suporte ao início de operação do Mícrotron booster, auxiliando na determinação dos parâmetros iniciais de operação e otimização dos parâmetros finais. / The Laboratório do Acelerador Linear is building a racetrack microtron electron accelerator. It has two acceleration stages: the booster and the main microtron. The injection system has already been commissioned and is delivering a 1.9-MeV continuous wave beam. This beam will be injected in the booster stage, which is ready to be commissioned, and should increase the energy to 5 MeV. The aim of this work is to optimize the operation parameters of the booster stage by means of simulation tools. We also studied the feasibility of injecting the 1.9 MeV beam in the booster, which has been designed to operate with a 1.765 MeV beam. Some simulation routines had to be developed in order to determine the admittance of the booster stage. For the 1.765 MeV beam the admittances were determined to be 3.08 pi mm.mrad, 0.58 pi mm.mrad, and 0.38 pi keV.rad for the transverse horizontal, transverse vertical, and longitudinal phase spaces, respectively. For the 1.9 MeV injection beam we were able to find a viable acceleration condition, with slightly better admittances: 3.65 pi mm.mrad, 0.62 pi mm.mrad, and 0.77 pi keV.rad, for the same phase spaces cited above. The injection beam has been characterized previously, and the available data were used, in the simulation codes, to match the transverse beam emittances of the injector to the transverse beam admittances of the booster. The phase space manipulations were accomplished by tuning a quadrupole triplet placed before the booster entrance. These simulations are intended as a supporting tool for the commissioning of the booster stage, helping the experimental determination of the working parameters and their optimization.

O Laboratório do Acelerador Linear (LAL) do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo está construindo um acelerador de elétrons do tipo Mícrotron. O acelerador possui dois estágios de aceleração: o Mícrotron booster e o Mícrotron Principal. Atualmente, o sistema injetor do acelerador, que é um acelerador linear, dispõe de um feixe de elétrons de 1,9 MeV. Este feixe será inserido no primeiro estágio de aceleração, o Mícrotron booster, que já está construído e será testado em breve. Sua função é elevar a energia do feixe para 5 MeV. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de otimizar os parâmetros de operação do Mícrotron booster por meio de simulação. Também tivemos como objetivo estudar a viabilidade da adaptação do projeto original, com feixe de entrada de 1,765 MeV, para um feixe de entrada de 1,9 MeV. Tendo como foco principal encontrar a admitância do acelerador, foram desenvolvidas algumas rotinas de simulação. A admitância do Mícrotron booster para um feixe de 1,765 MeV foi calculada em 3,08 pi mm.mrad, 0,58 pi mm.mrad e 0,38 pi keV.rad para os espaços de fase horizontal, vertical e longitudinal, respectivamente. Para o feixe de 1,9 MeV, uma condição de aceleração foi encontrada e os valores de admitância foram 3,65 pi mm.mrad, 0,62 pi mm.mrad e 0,77 pi keV.rad para os mesmos espaços de fase. Dados de caracterizações do feixe, realizados em trabalhos anteriores foram utilizados para determinar a configuração das lentes quadrupolares responsáveis pela inserção do feixe no acelerador. Tais simulações darão suporte ao início de operação do Mícrotron booster, auxiliando na determinação dos parâmetros iniciais de operação e otimização dos parâmetros finais. / The Laboratório do Acelerador Linear is building a racetrack microtron electron accelerator. It has two acceleration stages: the booster and the main microtron. The injection system has already been commissioned and is delivering a 1.9-MeV continuous wave beam. This beam will be injected in the booster stage, which is ready to be commissioned, and should increase the energy to 5 MeV. The aim of this work is to optimize the operation parameters of the booster stage by means of simulation tools. We also studied the feasibility of injecting the 1.9 MeV beam in the booster, which has been designed to operate with a 1.765 MeV beam. Some simulation routines had to be developed in order to determine the admittance of the booster stage. For the 1.765 MeV beam the admittances were determined to be 3.08 pi mm.mrad, 0.58 pi mm.mrad, and 0.38 pi keV.rad for the transverse horizontal, transverse vertical, and longitudinal phase spaces, respectively. For the 1.9 MeV injection beam we were able to find a viable acceleration condition, with slightly better admittances: 3.65 pi mm.mrad, 0.62 pi mm.mrad, and 0.77 pi keV.rad, for the same phase spaces cited above. The injection beam has been characterized previously, and the available data were used, in the simulation codes, to match the transverse beam emittances of the injector to the transverse beam admittances of the booster. The phase space manipulations were accomplished by tuning a quadrupole triplet placed before the booster entrance. These simulations are intended as a supporting tool for the commissioning of the booster stage, helping the experimental determination of the working parameters and their optimization.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo: projetar, construir e testar os imas principais do acelerador race-track microtron booster do ifusp, que tem como funcao defletir e focalizar o feixe de eletrons, permitindo a sua recirculacao. Esses imas desempenham papel fundamental quanto a qualidade do feixe obtido que, por sua vez, constitui um fator primordial para experiencias em fisica nuclear. O trabalho desenvolve a teoria do funcionamento do acelerador e os calculos analiticos que fundamentam a geometria dos imas. A ausencia da uniformidade do campo magnetico e a presenca de campos de borda inadequados comprometem o sincronismo. Utilizou-se bobinas corretoras confeccionadas na forma de circuitos impressos, que limitaram a falta de uniformidade a valores relativos de campo magnetico da ordem de \'10 POT.-5\'. Os imas possuem pecas polares auxiliares (clamps) que criam campos de borda reversos ao campo principal. Os clamps foram projetados por meio de simulacoes realizadas com os programas poisson e ptrace, de forma a se obter uma distribuicao para o campo magnetico que propicie aceleracao para uma distancia conveniente entre os imas / The present work had the purpose of designing, building and testing the bending magnets of the IFUSP race-track microtron booster that deflect and focus the electron beam and allow its recirculation. These magnets play a fundamental role in terms of the beam quality, which is important in Nuclear Physics research. This work develops the theory conceming the functioning of the accelerator and the analytical calculations that establish the geometry ofthe magnets. The lack of magnetic field uniformity and the presence of inadequate fringing fields damage the synchronism. The magnetic fields were corrected using coils made of etched printed circuit boards. This method provides uniformity of a few parts in 10 \'10 POT.-5\' . The magnets have auxiliary poles (clamps) that produce reverse fringing fields. The clamps were designed using Poisson and Ptrace programs in order to get a magnetic field distribution that allows acceleration for a convenient distance between the magnets. The beam trajectories determined by Ptrace program were confirmed with agreement of 0,1% using the floating wire technique.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo: projetar, construir e testar os imas principais do acelerador race-track microtron booster do ifusp, que tem como funcao defletir e focalizar o feixe de eletrons, permitindo a sua recirculacao. Esses imas desempenham papel fundamental quanto a qualidade do feixe obtido que, por sua vez, constitui um fator primordial para experiencias em fisica nuclear. O trabalho desenvolve a teoria do funcionamento do acelerador e os calculos analiticos que fundamentam a geometria dos imas. A ausencia da uniformidade do campo magnetico e a presenca de campos de borda inadequados comprometem o sincronismo. Utilizou-se bobinas corretoras confeccionadas na forma de circuitos impressos, que limitaram a falta de uniformidade a valores relativos de campo magnetico da ordem de \'10 POT.-5\'. Os imas possuem pecas polares auxiliares (clamps) que criam campos de borda reversos ao campo principal. Os clamps foram projetados por meio de simulacoes realizadas com os programas poisson e ptrace, de forma a se obter uma distribuicao para o campo magnetico que propicie aceleracao para uma distancia conveniente entre os imas / The present work had the purpose of designing, building and testing the bending magnets of the IFUSP race-track microtron booster that deflect and focus the electron beam and allow its recirculation. These magnets play a fundamental role in terms of the beam quality, which is important in Nuclear Physics research. This work develops the theory conceming the functioning of the accelerator and the analytical calculations that establish the geometry ofthe magnets. The lack of magnetic field uniformity and the presence of inadequate fringing fields damage the synchronism. The magnetic fields were corrected using coils made of etched printed circuit boards. This method provides uniformity of a few parts in 10 \'10 POT.-5\' . The magnets have auxiliary poles (clamps) that produce reverse fringing fields. The clamps were designed using Poisson and Ptrace programs in order to get a magnetic field distribution that allows acceleration for a convenient distance between the magnets. The beam trajectories determined by Ptrace program were confirmed with agreement of 0,1% using the floating wire technique.

Since 1978 casino and gaming facilities in the United States have grown substantially. Drawing outside customers has helped to improve the local communities surrounding the gaming facilities. In a similar fashion, United States horse racing aims at increasing traffic and wagering at race tracks throughout the United States (but unlike casinos little expansion). Along with the fiscal impact to the United States, the horse racing industry has created thousands of jobs, and the industry is experiencing continual growth in nominal gross wagering. Many state’s have breeder programs that enhance purses and horses bred and raced in- state. The goal of this research was to assess whether these state bred event days (SBED) attendance and/or wagering were comparable to controls, the proximal weeks. Data was collected over a three year period and included sixteen states with such programs. The data was analyzed using ordinary least squares regression methods. Two models were run, an on-track wagering model, and an attendance model on a set of structural variables. In the on-track wagering model positive variables, including purse levels, change in track venue, and SBED concurrent with a major national race day (Triple Crown or Breeders’ Cup days), were associated with an increase in on-track wagering. California and New York SBED experienced significant increases in on- track wagering over open race days. The attendance model had similar results. While SBED programs are not used in every state, their overall contribution to horse racing is apparent and substantial. The enhancement and introduction of new well planned SBED programs in United States racing jurisdictions might increase attendance and wagering.

Title: Summer training of downhill skiers using nontraditional sport disciplines Objectives: The main goal of this diploma thesis is based on the results of a survey to verify whether the selected nontraditional sport disciplines are used in the annual training cycle of downhill skiers. Based on the ascertained information then to process methodical materials of each from nontraditional sport disciplines and characterize them in detail. Methods: There were used methods of content analysis and synthesis of scientific text. It was mainly book titles and internet resources. To verify the technical issues a quantitative research was used. For collecting the necessary data a method of public inquiry in electronic form with subsequent processing and evaluation was used. The questionnaire contained 15 uniquely formulated questions. The first four questions were of sociodemographic type to obtain further identification of the respondents (gender, age, education, region), the remaining 12 questions were directed to approach the issue of summer training of downhill skiers, its duration and financial cost. Results: Based on the survey it was found that the competitors have at least one of the nontraditional sport discipline included in their summer training for the winter season. It was mainly in-line alpine...

This thesis deals with the design and implementation of a self-driving model race car that is intended to attend an NXP Cup race. The work describes the selection of the platform, design process of algorithm, design process of printed circuit board for obstacle detection system, and various experiments with motion control.

This thesis deals with the design and implementation of a self-driving model race car that is intended to participate at NXP Cup race. First of all, the attention is given to the selection of a suitable platform, which will be used for the implementation of a motion control algorithm that enables autonomous navigation of the autonomous model race car along a specified track. Then, the details of motion control algorithm design and its implementation aspects are explained.  Also, the design of an obstacle detection system is presented. Finally, the work is concluded with presentation of various experiments with the implemented self-driving control algorithm and its evaluation.