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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 G86 / Master of Science

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis primarily details the application of high-level ab initio quantum chemistry techniques in order to understand aspects of free-radical mediated protein oxidation. Traditionally, product analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are the primary means for elucidating the chemistry of protein oxidation. However, in experiments involving relatively small proteins reacting with a controlled radical-flux, a vast array of compounds can be produced, which are often difficult to analyse. Quantum chemical techniques on the other hand, can calculate the properties of any particular species directly, without suffering from the problems associated with experiment, such as side-reactions and chain processes. The results presented in this thesis are aimed at elucidating mechanistic details of protein oxidation, which might otherwise be difficult to probe experimentally. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the free-radical hypothesis of disease and ageing. Protein-derived radicals can undergo a variety of reactions, with the particular reaction that occurs depending on numerous aspects. Many types of reactions have been identified through radiolysis experiments of amino acids, and these are detailed in this chapter. In addition, the key reactive species are characterized and their different chemistries explained. Chapter 2 details the theoretical tools used throughout this thesis. Species with unpaired electrons (radicals) present unique problems for quantum chemistry to handle, thus an appropriate choice of theoretical technique is needed. The approach taken in this thesis is to use high-level compound methods, many of which have been directly formulated to give improved results for radical species, to provide benchmark quality results by which other less demanding techniques can be assessed. During the course of this study, it became apparent there was a void in the armoury of tools that could be used for the theoretical chemistry calculations. Chapter 3 details the formulation of a new tool in an attempt to fill this gap. Historically, the formulation of this new procedure came after much of the work in this thesis had been carried out. Thus, for the study of many of the reactions of this thesis the new method has not been used. However, it is most appropriate to place its formulation after summarizing the current status of techniques in common use today. Chapters 4 and 5 detail computations carried out on models of peptides containing backbone carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals. A number of different theoretical techniques are used in these chapters, ranging from the highly accurate and computationally intensive to the less reliable and less demanding. The highly accurate techniques are used to gauge the accuracy of the other less demanding theoretical techniques so that the latter can be used with confidence in larger systems. Not only is the choice of theoretical technique important but also the judicious choice of model is essential. With this in mind, models are incrementally built until convergence of the particular property of interest is reached. Chapters 6 and 7 detail the calculations of β-scission reactions of alkoxyl radicals, which are a particular class of reaction known to occur on peptide backbones. Alkoxyl radicals are particularly difficult for theory to describe correctly. Therefore, Chapter 6 extensively assesses and then identifies the theoretical methods needed to portray them. Chapter 7 uses the techniques identified in the previous chapter in order to predict how the preference for a particular type of β-scission reaction changes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1967. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87).

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis primarily details the application of high-level ab initio quantum chemistry techniques in order to understand aspects of free-radical mediated protein oxidation. Traditionally, product analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are the primary means for elucidating the chemistry of protein oxidation. However, in experiments involving relatively small proteins reacting with a controlled radical-flux, a vast array of compounds can be produced, which are often difficult to analyse. Quantum chemical techniques on the other hand, can calculate the properties of any particular species directly, without suffering from the problems associated with experiment, such as side-reactions and chain processes. The results presented in this thesis are aimed at elucidating mechanistic details of protein oxidation, which might otherwise be difficult to probe experimentally. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the free-radical hypothesis of disease and ageing. Protein-derived radicals can undergo a variety of reactions, with the particular reaction that occurs depending on numerous aspects. Many types of reactions have been identified through radiolysis experiments of amino acids, and these are detailed in this chapter. In addition, the key reactive species are characterized and their different chemistries explained. Chapter 2 details the theoretical tools used throughout this thesis. Species with unpaired electrons (radicals) present unique problems for quantum chemistry to handle, thus an appropriate choice of theoretical technique is needed. The approach taken in this thesis is to use high-level compound methods, many of which have been directly formulated to give improved results for radical species, to provide benchmark quality results by which other less demanding techniques can be assessed. During the course of this study, it became apparent there was a void in the armoury of tools that could be used for the theoretical chemistry calculations. Chapter 3 details the formulation of a new tool in an attempt to fill this gap. Historically, the formulation of this new procedure came after much of the work in this thesis had been carried out. Thus, for the study of many of the reactions of this thesis the new method has not been used. However, it is most appropriate to place its formulation after summarizing the current status of techniques in common use today. Chapters 4 and 5 detail computations carried out on models of peptides containing backbone carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals. A number of different theoretical techniques are used in these chapters, ranging from the highly accurate and computationally intensive to the less reliable and less demanding. The highly accurate techniques are used to gauge the accuracy of the other less demanding theoretical techniques so that the latter can be used with confidence in larger systems. Not only is the choice of theoretical technique important but also the judicious choice of model is essential. With this in mind, models are incrementally built until convergence of the particular property of interest is reached. Chapters 6 and 7 detail the calculations of β-scission reactions of alkoxyl radicals, which are a particular class of reaction known to occur on peptide backbones. Alkoxyl radicals are particularly difficult for theory to describe correctly. Therefore, Chapter 6 extensively assesses and then identifies the theoretical methods needed to portray them. Chapter 7 uses the techniques identified in the previous chapter in order to predict how the preference for a particular type of β-scission reaction changes.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University (Canada), 1992. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-12, Section: B, page: 6173. Adviser: J. Warkentin.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Wine, Paul; Committee Member: Huey, Greg; Committee Member: Mulholland, James; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios; Committee Member: Weber, Rodney. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

La silylmétallation d'alcynes représente une méthode très répandue pour la préparation de vinylsilanes, et offre de façon plus générale la possibilité d'accéder à des alcènes substitués de façon stéréosélective. Diverses méthodologies de silylmétallation permettant d'obtenir un excellent contrôle de la régiosélectivité ont été décrites. En revanche, il est difficile de jouer sur la stéréosélectivité dans la mesure où la plupart des processus rapportés opèrent selon une addition syn, et conduisent donc à des alcènes silylmétallés de configuration cis. Ainsi, le travail décrit dans ce manuscrit de thèse rapporte une nouvelle approche complémentaire permettant d'effectuer des silylzincations anti sur des alcynes, ayant lieu selon un processus radicalaire de transfert d'atome de zinc. Pour ce faire, deux méthodes ont été développées.Dans un premier temps, une méthode impliquant la combinaison du silane (Me3Si)3SiH et de Et2Zn a été mise au point et a permis d'effectuer des silylzincations sur des ynamides de façon parfaitement régio- et stéréosélective. Dans un deuxième temps, une autre méthode impliquant le complexe [(Me3Si)3Si]2Zn comme source de radicaux silylés a été développée. Cette méthode a permis d'effectuer des silylzincations sur des ynamides, et de façon plus générale sur des alcynes hétéro-substitués, ainsi que sur des arylacétylènes. / Silylmetalation of alkynes is a widespread method for the preparation of vinylic silanes, and more generally offers the possibility to access stereoselectively substituted alkenes. Existing methods for silylmetalation offer a range of options to control the sense of regiochemistry. By contrast, tuning of stereochemistry is rarely feasible, because these are usually syn-addition processes and, hence, provide access to cis-silylmetalated alkenes. As a complementary anti-selective approach, the work described in this thesis is devoted to a new possible entry to silylzincation based on a radical zinc-atom transfer process. In this context, two different methods have been considered.In a first step, a method using a combination of (Me3Si)3SiH and Et2Zn has been developed and allowed to achieve the complete regio- and stereoselective silylzincation of ynamides. In a second step, a method using the reagent [(Me3Si)3Si]2Zn as organosilyl radical source has been developed. This method allows to achieve the silylzincation of ynamides, and more generally of hetero-substituted alkynes, as well as aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted alkynes.

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