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Thesis (M.S. in geology with a major in hydrogeology)--Washington State University, December 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-67).

The objective of this study was to ascertain the magnitude and distribution of rainfall over coastal waters of the northwestern United States and to compare values with those at nearby land stations. Precipitation was measured with gauges at Totem, rainfall amounts were assessed from weather reports at lightships off the coast, and precipitation frequencies at lightships and land stations were examined. Results from the three methods were quite consistent; precipitation. on at sea was only about one-third that at coastal land stations. These values are appreciably less than previous estimates of oceanic rainfall in this area, and they support the view that a significant horizontal gradient of precipitation may exist between the coast and open sea. Rainfall typically occurs both at sea and ashore on the same day, but it rains fewer hours at sea. The relative amount of rain at sea varies with the type of atmospheric system, and rainfall at the coast appears to be intensified by frictional processes. Estimates of evaporation minus precipitation are less negative than earlier ones; consideration of their relation to surface salinity leads to distributions that are in good agreement with oceanographic knowledge. The newer values suggest that in this region the heat gain by the atmosphere may be less (but moisture entrainment may be greater) than was thought. / Graduation date: 1973

The WSR-57 weather radar operated by the National Weather Service at Sacramento, California, plus a network of precipitation gages provided data for this comparison of radar reflectivity with precipitation rates. Located in a valley with mountains within range of the radar on three sides, this radar has varying sensitivity for precipitation rates as a result of the terrain effects. Variation in the terrain surrounding the radar has led to a very wide scatter in precipitation rates associated with any particular radar reflectivity. The radar failed to detect precipitation up to 77% of the time over the Coast Range at ranges greater than 100 nm. Linear regression analyses revealed very poor correlation between the raingage indicated precipitation rate and the radar reflectivity. These analyses resulted in values of (R²), the coefficient of determination, ranging from zero as a minimum to only 0.502 as a maximum. Such results are generally much poorer than results obtained by others. The poor correlations and both overestimation and underestimation of rainfall resulted from factors such as range, terrain blocking, windward or leeward exposure, freezing level height, beam height and width, and the distribution of water vapor in the vertical. / Graduation date: 1976

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1985. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-127). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-124). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center