Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-124). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Supervisor: John M. Sharp. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93). Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Königl. Westfäl. Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster i. W., 1910. / "Die Abhandlung erscheint auch in den Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Seewarte in Hamburg: Aus dem Archiv der Deutschen Seewarte XXXIII. Jahrgang 1910"--T.p. verso. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. [63]-73).

A jet madel of cumulus is studied assuming steadystate conditions and horizontally uniform cross-sections of cloud and environment. Numerical solutions, assuming an entrainment rate inversely proportional to cloud radius, show that for a given ambient lapse rate the cloud thickness depends mainly on (i) mass flux at cloud base and (ii) relative humidity in lower levels. [...]

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No description available.

It is argued that for many regions of the earth, ground based remote sensing techniques for rainfall measurement are impractical due to their cost and limited range of coverage. Global rainfall estimates must therefore be provided largely by satellites, particularly those exploiting atmospheric windows in the visible/IR and microwave regimes. / A 2-D pattern matching technique using visible and IR data is proposed and its accuracy investigated. Because these wavelengths respond primarily to cloud and not rain sized drops, significant accuracy may be achieved in rain areas, but not directly in amounts. However, when long term average rain rates for raining areas are used, errors of (TURN) (+OR-) 49% for 10('5) km('2) are achieved. This compares favorably with other techniques based on cloud life histories. / Microwave radiometer-based techniques are also investigated and are found to be fundamentally limited in accuracy ((TURN) (+OR-) 70%) by the large variations in the (unknown) effective rain layer height. However, useful accuracy ((TURN) (+OR-) 20%) may be obtained over large areas ((TURN) 10('5) km('2)), provided that the long term average effective rain layer height is known. It is argued that a once or twice daily satellite rain estimate is insufficient for either accurate estimates of daily accumulation or for samples of climatological rain rates. A hybrid microwave satellite-vis/IR technique is therefore proposed in order to solve the temporal resolution problem without the necessity of orbiting many microwave radiometers. This technique would take advantage of the high ( 1/2 hour) temporal resolution of the vis/IR data and could achieve accuracies of (TURN) (+OR-) 20% for 12 hour accumulations over 10('5) km('2) provided that the mean effective rain layer height is known. The practical implementation of such a technique will ultimately depend on the relative difficulty of measuring the mean effective rain layer height, and the mean rain rate for raining areas as well as the availability of appropriate sensor platforms.

Simulations based on a month of radar data from Florida, and a summer of radar data from Nelspruit, South Africa, were used to quantify the errors in the measurement of mean areal rainfall which arise simply as a result of the extreme variability of convective rainfall, even with perfect remote sensing instruments. The raingauge network measurement errors were established for random and regular network configurations using daily and monthly radar-rainfall accumulations over large areas. A relationship to predict the measurement error for mean areal rainfall using sparse networks as a function of raining area, number of gauges, and the variability of the rainfield was developed and tested. The manner in which the rainfield probability distribution is transformed under increasing spatial and temporal averaging was investigated from two perspectives. Firstly, an empirical relationship was developed to transform the probability distribution based on some measurement scale, into a distribution based on a standard measurement length. Secondly, a conceptual model based on multiplicative cascades was used to derive a scale independent probability distribution.

Thesis (M.S. - Renewable Natural Resources)--University of Arizona, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52).