Orientador: Valdemir Antonio Rodrigues / Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra / Banca: Maurício Ranzini / Resumo: A pesquisa foi realizada na microbacia hidrográfica experimental B, com área de 36,68 ha, pertencente ao Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal Eng. Agr. Walter Emmerich, localizado no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Núcleo Cunha/SP. Para caracterizar a fitofisionomia da vegetação e sua evolução foi elaborado o mapeamento para os anos de 1962, 1977, 1997 e 2009, com base na interpretação de fotografias aéreas e ortofoto digital colorida e, posteriormente, espacializados em base cartográfica digital utilizando-se o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) ArcGis 9.3. Avaliou-se em termos quantitativos a entrada e saída de água, via precipitação e deflúvio ao longo dos anos hídricos de 1987 a 2008, e assim foi possível estimar a evapotranspiração real anual pelo método do balanço hídrico. xv O mapeamento da vegetação da microbacia indicou treze fitofisionomias, sendo que foi possível observar principalmente a evolução de sete delas: D1 - porte arbóreo alto, com estrutura de dossel uniforme; D2 - porte arbóreo alto, com estrutura de dossel desuniforme; D4 - porte arbóreo baixo a médio, com estrutura de dossel uniforme; D8 - porte arbóreo médio, com estrutura de dossel uniforme, P - pasto; Vs1 - porte arbóreo alto, com estrutura de dossel desuniforme (capoeirão) e Vs4 - clareira. O balanço hídrico médio para os vinte e dois anos da série apresentou precipitação, deflúvio e evapotranspiração real de 1.856,3 mm (100%), 1.354,38 mm (72,96%) e 501,92 mm (27,04%), respectivamente. Para cada processo hidrológico verificou-se uma grande oscilação dos dados anuais. A precipitação e o deflúvio mostraram uma tendência negativa, sendo mais acentuada para o último processo. Já para a evapotranspiração real a tendência foi positiva. As variáveis precipitação e deflúvio anuais apresentaram alto valor do coeficiente de determinação ... / Abstract: The survey was carried out in the experimental catchment B, with an area of 36.68 ha, belonging to the Eng. Agr. Walter Emmerich Forest Hydrology Laboratory, located in Serra do Mar State Park - Core Cunha / SP. To characterize the physiognomy of the vegetation and its evolution was developed mapping for the years 1962, 1977, 1997 and 2009, based on an interpretation of aerial photographs and digital color orthophoto, after spatialized in digital cartographic base by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) ArcGIS 9.3. To in quantitative terms evaluate the input and output of water via precipitation and runoff of the water years 1987 to 2008, and thus estimate the annual actual evapotranspiration by water balance method. The vegetation mapping of the xvii watershed indicated thirteen vegetation types, and it was possible to observe the evolution of mainly seven: D1 - arboreal high, structure with uniform canopy; D2 - arboreal high, with uneven canopy structure; D4 - low to medium-sized arboreal, structure with uniform canopy; D8 - arboreal average, structure with uniform canopy; P - pasture; Vs1 - sized arboreal high, with uneven canopy structure (brushwood) and Vs4 - glade. The medium water balance for the twenty-two years of the series presented precipitation, runoff and evapotranspiration of 1,856.3 mm (100%), 1,354.38 mm (72.96%) and 501.92 mm (27.04%), respectively. For each hydrological process there was a large variation in annual data. Rainfall and runoff showed a negative trend, being more pronounced in the last case. As for the real evapotranspiration trend was positive. The variables annual precipitation and runoff presented a high coefficient of determination (r² = 0.8356), indicating a good linear relationship. Thus, the results showed that natural regeneration of vegetation is affecting water production, therefore, with increasing real evapotranspiration ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758738.pdf: 7532623 bytes, checksum: 049da634d81243496c0cdee446935932 (MD5) / A pesquisa foi realizada na microbacia hidrográfica experimental B, com área de 36,68 ha, pertencente ao Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal Eng. Agr. Walter Emmerich, localizado no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar – Núcleo Cunha/SP. Para caracterizar a fitofisionomia da vegetação e sua evolução foi elaborado o mapeamento para os anos de 1962, 1977, 1997 e 2009, com base na interpretação de fotografias aéreas e ortofoto digital colorida e, posteriormente, espacializados em base cartográfica digital utilizando-se o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) ArcGis 9.3. Avaliou-se em termos quantitativos a entrada e saída de água, via precipitação e deflúvio ao longo dos anos hídricos de 1987 a 2008, e assim foi possível estimar a evapotranspiração real anual pelo método do balanço hídrico. xv O mapeamento da vegetação da microbacia indicou treze fitofisionomias, sendo que foi possível observar principalmente a evolução de sete delas: D1 – porte arbóreo alto, com estrutura de dossel uniforme; D2 – porte arbóreo alto, com estrutura de dossel desuniforme; D4 – porte arbóreo baixo a médio, com estrutura de dossel uniforme; D8 – porte arbóreo médio, com estrutura de dossel uniforme, P – pasto; Vs1 – porte arbóreo alto, com estrutura de dossel desuniforme (capoeirão) e Vs4 – clareira. O balanço hídrico médio para os vinte e dois anos da série apresentou precipitação, deflúvio e evapotranspiração real de 1.856,3 mm (100%), 1.354,38 mm (72,96%) e 501,92 mm (27,04%), respectivamente. Para cada processo hidrológico verificou-se uma grande oscilação dos dados anuais. A precipitação e o deflúvio mostraram uma tendência negativa, sendo mais acentuada para o último processo. Já para a evapotranspiração real a tendência foi positiva. As variáveis precipitação e deflúvio anuais apresentaram alto valor do coeficiente de determinação... / The survey was carried out in the experimental catchment B, with an area of 36.68 ha, belonging to the Eng. Agr. Walter Emmerich Forest Hydrology Laboratory, located in Serra do Mar State Park - Core Cunha / SP. To characterize the physiognomy of the vegetation and its evolution was developed mapping for the years 1962, 1977, 1997 and 2009, based on an interpretation of aerial photographs and digital color orthophoto, after spatialized in digital cartographic base by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) ArcGIS 9.3. To in quantitative terms evaluate the input and output of water via precipitation and runoff of the water years 1987 to 2008, and thus estimate the annual actual evapotranspiration by water balance method. The vegetation mapping of the xvii watershed indicated thirteen vegetation types, and it was possible to observe the evolution of mainly seven: D1 – arboreal high, structure with uniform canopy; D2 – arboreal high, with uneven canopy structure; D4 – low to medium-sized arboreal, structure with uniform canopy; D8 – arboreal average, structure with uniform canopy; P – pasture; Vs1 – sized arboreal high, with uneven canopy structure (brushwood) and Vs4 – glade. The medium water balance for the twenty-two years of the series presented precipitation, runoff and evapotranspiration of 1,856.3 mm (100%), 1,354.38 mm (72.96%) and 501.92 mm (27.04%), respectively. For each hydrological process there was a large variation in annual data. Rainfall and runoff showed a negative trend, being more pronounced in the last case. As for the real evapotranspiration trend was positive. The variables annual precipitation and runoff presented a high coefficient of determination (r² = 0.8356), indicating a good linear relationship. Thus, the results showed that natural regeneration of vegetation is affecting water production, therefore, with increasing real evapotranspiration ...

This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.