陳建熊. / 據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學敎育學院. / Ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-185). / Chen Jianxiong. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue jiao yu xue yuan. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 / Chapter 甲 --- 生平和有關教育思想的著作 / Chapter 乙 --- 思想淵源 / Chapter 第二章 --- 人性論 / Chapter 甲 --- 人性論與教育思想的關係 / Chapter 乙 --- 人性論的基礎和基本假設 / Chapter 丙 --- 人格和自我理論 / Chapter 丁 --- 人性資源性能力 / Chapter 戊 --- 人性的特質 / Chapter 己 --- 人生的目的 / Chapter 第三章 --- 教育的目的 / Chapter 甲 --- 教育的目的 / Chapter 乙 --- 對時下教育的批評 / Chapter 第四章 --- 學習論 / Chapter 甲 --- 「學生中心學習」的背景 / Chapter 乙 --- 學習的界說 / Chapter 丙 --- 有意義的學習 / Chapter 丁 --- 無意義的學習 / Chapter 戊 --- 學習的基本條件 / Chapter 己 --- 學習方法 / Chapter 第五章 --- 教授論 / Chapter 甲 --- 對教授的看法 / Chapter 乙 --- 教授者的功能 / Chapter 丙 --- 教授者與學習者的關係 / Chapter 丁 --- 關係建立的果效 / Chapter 戊 --- 關係的延伸 / Chapter 第六章 --- 教育思想貢獻與批評 / Chapter 甲 --- 教育思想的貢獻 / Chapter 乙 --- 教育思想的批評 / Chapter 丙 --- 結論 / 參考書目 / Chapter 甲 --- 中文部分 / Chapter 乙 --- 英文部分

Since 2009 thousands of Eritreans, as well as other, sub-Saharan migrants have become victims of human trafficking in the Sinai Peninsula. These occurrences are linked to the newly coined notion of “Sinai Trafficking” which has been labeled as a new form of human trafficking. According to reports, released or escaped victims have disclosed information regarding collusion between traffickers and Egyptian security forces. Further, there have been reports that trafficking victims from the Sinai are put in detention centers, prisons and police stations in Egypt and are often charged or prosecuted for crimes committed in their capacity as victims of trafficking. Although Egypt is bound to respect and uphold its international law obligations national criminal law concerning human trafficking, the continuation of the situation in Sinai has demonstrated an unwillingness or inability to prevent, suppress and punish the crime. Consequently, the purpose of this thesis is to examine and interpret international law as well as Egypt’s national criminal legislation and policies, pertaining to human trafficking, to determine if there are any inadequacies or gaps in the international legal framework with regards to human trafficking or if it’s rather Egypt’s implementation of the law that is faulty. Moreover, a human rights perspective, relevant theories, literature related to the conceptual framework of human trafficking, the status and treatment of non-nationals and securitization of migration will be applied. With regards to the international law on human trafficking, it has been assessed that there are some inadequacies in relation to protection and support granted to trafficking victims. Egypt, has adopted relevant international instruments concerning human trafficking. Further, Egypt has enacted national legislation that corresponds to the Anti-Trafficking Protocol, which might indicate that it is not Egypt’s national legislation that is inadequate and rather that the international law concerning human trafficking. Increasingly restrictive immigration laws, policies and States conduct towards migrants indicate that migration has been securitized. The Egyptian authorities conduct and approach towards migrants could indicate that Egypt has securitized the migration issue. Further, the difficulty to distinguish smuggled migrants from trafficking victims could result in the possibility of trafficking victims being criminalized. The world of today remains globalized and thus the political order that follows and its accompanying conceptual and subsequent legal framework of human trafficking as an organized crime contributes to the trafficking situation in Sinai as well as to human trafficking in general.

Diss.--Psychologie--Zürich, 1979. / Bibliogr. p. 139-140.

Tese (livre-docente) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T04:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Puente_Migueldela_LD.pdf: 4084128 bytes, checksum: 712fe27cb6fd5dc029579675bdcd39ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 1977 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Tese (livre-docente) - Univers / Livre-Docente em Educação

With the explosion of Bitcoin, various cryptocurrencies are beginning to garner incredible amounts of attention from speculators and institutional investors alike. Simultaneously, the rise in the number of occurrences of cyber ransom attacks has proven to be an increasingly relevant part of the conversation in the formative years of the Bitcoin ecosystem, as hackers demand payments be in the form of bitcoin. To test the relative impact of these different ransom events on the price of bitcoin, this paper conducts an event study to quantify the reaction by investors upon revelation of the news. In addition, it examines differences between Bitcoin and two other cryptocurrencies, Ethereum and Litecoin, to control for any liquidity effects of victims buying up large sums of bitcoin. The findings of the study indicate that following the ransom events there is a positive price reaction, supporting the claim that investors in Bitcoin generally perceive these events as good news. This could have a profound effect on the development and further adoption of cryptocurrencies, as regulators try to determine whether or not to intervene.

If the issue of prisoners of war has given rise to numerous studies in recent years, nevertheless, this topic is far from exhausted. Built on a large corpus of archival sources, this study fuels the debate on ransoms and prisoners with new material. Its originality lies in its broad chronological framework, i.e. the duration of the Hundred Years War, as well as its perspective – that of lower ranking as well as higher-ranking prisoners on both side of the Channel. What does it mean for those men to live in the once coined ‘golden age of private ransoms’? My investigations hinge around three different themes: the status of prisoners of war, the ransoming process and the networks of assistance. I argue that the widespread practice of ransoming becomes increasingly systematic in the late Middle Ages. More importantly, I show how this evolution comes ‘from below’; from the individual masters and prisoners who faced the multiple obstacles raised by the lack of official structure. Indeed, the ransoming of prisoners remained the preserve of private individuals throughout the war and no sovereign could afford that this became otherwise. It is specifically the non-interventionism of the crown and the large freedom of action of individuals which shaped the ransom system.

Dans le but d’éclairer les dynamiques économiques et les mécanismes institutionnels qui régulaient le rachat des chrétiens captifs au Maghreb aux siècles centraux de l’époque moderne, l’auteur se propose de reconstruire l’activité rédemptrice de l’un des indiscutables protagonistes de ce commerce: l’Ordre de Notre Dame de la Merci. Pour en illustrer les spécificités, l’auteur présente d’abord de façon général le phénomène des rachats des captifs entre les XVIe et le XVIIIe siècles en Méditerranée, dans le contexte de la guerre de course qui se déroulait entre ses rives. Par la suite, il retrace de façon synthétique l’histoire de l’Ordre de la Merci, de son expansion et de son progressif développement dans les contextes italien et ibérique, et en Amérique latine. Il y aborde l’aspect théologique de cette histoire, à l’aide d’une partie de la production mémorialiste et des traités justificatifs produits par l’Ordre. Suit une analyse des missions de rédemption conduites par les religieux de l’Ordre, entre le dernier quart du XVIe siècle et le début du XVIIIe siècle. Concernant la procédure, l’auteur met en relief les contours juridiques et normatifs et souligne l’importance des raisons économiques et politiques qui étaient derrière eux. Quatre exemples de rédemptions de captifs sont ainsi abordés à-traves l’analyse de livres de comptabilité. L’étude sur une longue période, entre 1575 et 1723, permet à l’auteur de mettre en évidence les changements intervenus dans les rachats en ce qui concerne la procédure, le financement et l’usage des aumônes et de l’argent collecté. Le modus operandi des rédemptions mercédaires est ensuite comparé avec celui d’autres institutes, laïcs et étatiques, qui s’occupent du rachat des captifs dans les territoires italien et ibérique. Là encore les logiques économiques, les exigences politiques et les intérêts nationaux et locaux qui guidaient cette activité sont mis en avant.La thèse soutient que les religieux de l’ordre de la Merci ne furent pas totalement libres d’agir, selon les prérogatives dictées par son propre Ordre, mais qu’ils se trouvèrent étroitement vinculés à des instructions données par le gouvernement espagnol et par les sujets eux-mêmes, ces dernières étant les principaux financeurs des missions de rachats. Autrement dit, il apparaît que l’action humanitaire de ces religieux répondait, en réalité, plutôt à des logiques économiques et à des intérêts politiques (c’est pour ça qu’on y parle de « Raison d’État ») et non pas aux principes d’une charité chrétienne qui était indifférente aux frontières nationales. Pour cette raison, en partant de l’observatoire spécifique des rédemptions mercédaires, l’auteur arrive enfin à envisager que le commerce des captifs à l’époque moderne ait pu servir de «catalyseur» de processus bien plus longs et complexes, tandis que le progressif détachement des politiques d’assistance des États européennes de la dimension religieuse. Et, aussi, qu’il ait pu en quelque sorte accélérer la graduelle et controverse naissance de sentiments d’appartenance nationale, ceux-ci s’imposant, à la fin de l’époque moderne, au détriment d’autres, plus traditionnels, liés aux communautés confessionnelles. / The aim of this work is to analyse the captives redemptions' mechanism, through the study of the specific case of Mercedarians ransoming expeditions to North Africa. We have compared this mechanism with the ones pursued by other ransoming institutions in the Italian and Iberian areas, in order to let economics logics and juridical laws emerge that regulated te ransoming process. After a general introduction on the principal aspects that phenomenon entailed, a chapter of the tesis is dedicated to the analysis of four redemption missions, conducted by the religious Order of Our Lady of Mercy during a period of a century and half, precisely between 1575 and 1723. / Con l’obiettivo di far luce sulle dinamiche economiche e sui meccanismi istituzionali che regolavano il riscatto dei cristiani captivi in Maghreb nei secoli centrali dell’età moderna, l’autore si propone di ricostruire l’attività redentrice di uno dei protagonisti indiscussi di quel commercio: l’Ordine di Nostra Signora della Mercede. Al fine di illustrane le specificità, l’autore presenta dapprima un quadro complessivo del fenomeno dei riscatti di captivi tra i secoli XVI e XVIII, inserendolo nel più generale contesto del Mediterraneo e della guerra da corsa combattuta tra le sue sponde. Successivamente, traccia una storia sintetica dell’Ordine della Mercede e della sua diffusione e progressivo sviluppo nei contesti italiano e iberico - con un occhio anche alla realtà dell’America spagnola - e attenta all’aspetto teologico e alla trattatistica giustificativa prodotta dai Mercedari stessi. Analizza, poi, a livello procedurale le missioni di redenzione condotte dai religiosi dell’Ordine a cavallo tra il tardo Cinquecento e il primo Settecento, ne traccia i contorni giuridici e normativi e mira a far emergere le ragioni economiche e politiche che le muovevano. A tal fine, prende in esame quattro esempi di redenzioni di captivi attraverso lo studio di altrettanti libri di conto: l’ampio arco cronologico di riferimento - un secolo e mezzo, dal 1575 al 1723 - consente all’autore di evidenziare i cambiamenti intercorsi a livello procedurale nei riscatti, così come in merito al loro finanziamento e alla destinazione d’uso delle elemosine di volta in volta raccolte. Il modus operandi delle redenzioni mercedarie è quindi messo a confronto con quello di altre istituzioni, laiche e statali, dedite al riscatto dei captivi in area italiana ed iberica e, anche qui, nell’intento di far emergere le logiche economiche, le istanze politiche e gli interessi nazionali e locali che vi sottostavano.La tesi difende l’idea che i religiosi della Mercede, nella loro opera della redenzione dei captivi, non fossero liberi di agire autonomamente e secondo le prerogative dettate dal proprio Ordine, ma che fossero, al contrario, strettamente vincolati a istruzioni date loro dal governo spagnolo e da privati cittadini, essendo questi ultimi i principali finanziatori delle loro missioni di riscatto. Sostiene, insomma, l’idea che l’azione umanitaria dei religiosi rispondesse, in realtà, più a logiche economiche e agli interessi della politica che non a quelli di una carità cristiana indifferente ai confini nazionali. Per tale ragione, l’autore, prendendo spunto dall’osservatorio specifico delle redenzioni mercedarie, giunge a ipotizzare che il commercio dei captivi in età moderna abbia potuto giocare un ruolo di «catalizzatore» di processi ben più ampi e complessi, come il progressivo distacco delle politiche assistenziali degli Stati dalla sfera religiosa, e che abbia potuto accelerare il graduale e controverso imporsi di sentimenti di appartenenza nazionale a scapito di altri, più tradizionali, legati alle comunità confessionali.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa. / Includes bibliographies.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Universiẗat, Diss. A. Krebs.

Diss.--Philosophie--Zürich--Philosophische Fakultät I, 1986. / Bibliogr. p. 323-330.