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Otimiza??o da s?ntese do AlSBA-15 para produ??o de biodiesel por transesteri-fica??o do ?leo de coco / Optimization of the synthesis of AlSBA-15 for production of biodiesel by transesterification of coconut oilRodrigues, Gic?lia 22 August 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Atualmente, o Brasil conta com grande potencial e boas perspectivas futuras para a manuten??o e amplia??o de sua matriz energ?tica. S?o exemplos de alternativas para o futuro, os petr?leos oriundos do pr?-sal, energias e?licas, hidrel?tricas, nuclear, al?m dos biocombust?veis. O est?mulo ? produ??o e ao consumo de bicombust?vel favorece mundialmente a pol?tica de preserva??o ao meio ambiente, contribuindo na redu??o dos gases, poluentes, causadores do efeito estufa e redu??o das altera??es clim?ticas. A presen?a de catalisadores nos processos de produ??o de bicombust?veis desempenha um importante papel na melhoria da rotas de produ??o, tais como: taxa de rea??o, rendimento e seletividade de produtos e co-produtos de alto valor agregado. A tend?ncia atual das pesquisas nesse campo foca no aprimoramento desses processos com o uso de catalisadores heterog?neos, visto que catalisadores heterog?neos apresentam vantagens significativas, tais como: menor contamina??o dos produtos, facilidade de separa??o do catalisador do meio reacional, possibilidade de reaproveitamento do catalisador, diminui??o dos problemas de corros?o. Portanto, pesquisas est?o sendo desenvolvidas para obten??o de materiais mesoporosos, que s?o catalisadores heterog?neos, devido ao fato de que esses materiais apresentam facilidade de s?ntese e s?o economicamente vi?veis, apresentam poros relativamente grandes que facilitam a acessibilidade de ?cidos graxos no interior das part?culas, minimizando resist?ncias ao transporte de massa. Ap?s montada matriz experimental para a s?ntese do Al-SBA-15, foi realizado a s?ntese hidrot?rmica do Al-SBA-15 com diferentes raz?es de Si/Al variando as quantidades estequiom?tricas dos materiais precursores.Os testes catal?ticos foram a rea??o de transesterifica??o utilizando como m?tria-prima o ?leo de coco bruto e a pir?lise. As rea??es de transesterifica??o foram realizadas em um reator Parr de a?o inoxid?vel, modelo 4523, equipado com agitador mec?nico, indicadores de temperatura e press?o. O tratamento cin?tico referente aos dados da pir?lise do ?leo de coco puro e do ?leo de coco com AlSBA-15, realizou-se por meio da utiliza??o de curvas termogravim?tricas (TG) obtidas em uma termobalan?a modelo TGA/SDT Q600 da TA instruments, nas seguintes taxas de aquecimento: 5,10 e 20?C min-1. O ?leo de coco bruto apresentou com uma mat?ria-prima apropriada para obten??o do biodiesel via rota et?lica e o catalisador sintetizado com as condi??es experimentais I, apresentou as melhores condi??es para a s?ntese de biodiesel. Os aspectos visuais e as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas dos produtos da rea??o, mostram que o catalisador AlSBA-15 favoreceu a rea??o. De acordo com as analises f?sico-qu?micas a ordem de estabilidade oxidativa do produto da rea??o de transesterifica??o foi: 1500?C +AlSBA-15 > 100?C> 100?C + AlSBA-15> 200?C + AlSBA-15. / Stimulus encouraging the production and consumption of biodiesel favors the policy of pre-serving the environment, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas reducing climate change. The current trend of research in this field focuses on improving these processes with the use of heterogeneous catalysts, seeing has significant advantages such as: low contamination of products, ease of separation of the catalyst from the reaction medium, possibili-ty of reuse of the catalyst, decreased corrosion problems. The objective of this research was to optimize the synthesis of AlSBA-15 for the production of biodiesel through transesterification process via ethyl route. For the optimization of hydrothermal synthesis of type AlSBA-15 catalyst has assembled a 23 factorial experimental matrix with eleven trials. The stoichiometric amounts of starting materials were varied according to different ratios Si / Al which is a factor in the experimental design, in addition to the time and temperature of aging of the synthesis gel. The material showed the best results of characterization (SBET = 591.7 (m2 / g), Vp = 0.83 (cm3 / g), Dp = 5.59 (nm), w = 6.48 (nm) was synthesized at 100 ? C for 24 hours, with a ratio Si / Al = 10.This material was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of ethyl transesterification as raw coconut oil in natura. Coconut oil presented suitable for obtaining biodiesel via ethyl route.The visual aspects and physical-chemical characteristics of the reaction products show that AlSBA-15 catalyst favored the reaction. According to physical-chemical analysis the order of oxidative stability of the product of the transesterification reaction was: catalytic reaction at 1500 ? C> non-catalytic reaction at 100 ? C> 100 ? C catalytic> catalytic reaction at 200 ? C Reaction. The results of oxidative stability and kinematic viscosity shows that the biodiesel produced in the catalytic sandblasting held at 150 ? C which was maintained within the ABNT NBR 7148, ABNT NBR 10441 and EN 14112.
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