Boualem Sansal entre tardivement en littérature, ce qui lui confère un certain recul sur les difficultés auxquelles se trouvent confrontés le roman algérien francophone de la décennie noire. Aux yeux de l’auteur, la première de ces difficultés serait l’aphasie, corrélative d’un référent aussi opaque que douloureux. Cette aphasie serait aussi la conséquence du relativisme prudent des romanciers démocrates-laïques qui se traduirait, sur un plan littéraire, par des romans muselés par le doute et l’autocensure. Et, quand bien même ces romanciers parviendraient à dépasser l’indicible, un autre écueil les guetterait : leur statut linguistique particulier les exposerait à n’être véritablement reçus ni en Algérie, ni en Occident. L’ensemble de ces phénomènes formerait alors une zone inaccessible. Mû par la volonté de défendre ses convictions de démocrate laïc, l’auteur met tout en œuvre pour entrer dans cette zone. Mais même si, la notoriété venant, il s’ouvre à l’essai ainsi qu’à une abondante parole médiatique pour diffuser l’engagement qui conditionne sa démarche, c’est sur le terrain du roman que s’exerce principalement sa recherche. Le chemin qu’emprunte le roman sansalien passe par une revalorisation complémentaire du discours engagé et de la fiction, entendue comme droit à inventer et à renouer avec tous les plaisirs du romanesque. Décidé à trouver un équilibre entre un roman à thèse autoritariste et un roman sans thèse relativiste, Boualem Sansal théorise également, et ce dès son premier roman, le rôle du lecteur. C’est lui qui, seul, permettrait de sortir véritablement de l’impasse. L’auteur transforme alors son œuvre en une propédeutique qui forme à des pratiques de réception responsables et autonomes, pratiques que le lecteur est invité à réinvestir dans sa vie citoyenne. / Having entered literary world quite lately in his life, Boualem Sansal has benefited from a precious hindsight on the difficulties experienced by Algeria’s black decade novelists. Dealing with an extremely intricate and painful political context that threatened to result in a muffled and self-censored literature, these latter has also had to tackle an awkward position between Algerian and Western countries’ public expectations making them unheard on both sides. Eager to defend and disseminate his secular-democratic vision of the society, Sansal has spared no effort to break with this deadly aphasia. Even if, with increasing recognition, he has decided to explore new forms of expression such as essay and to be more present on the media sphere, he soon realized that the real way-out of impotence is to find precisely in his literary work by reconciling a strongly committed speech with the power of pure literary fiction. Pursuing, novel after novel, his endeavour to reach this zone, he theorises a new key role for his reader to whom he asks to become more autonomous and responsible in his practice. Reading experience thus become a training area to acquire necessary skills for an active citizenship, the only way, in Sansal’s mind, to break general apathy threatening his democratic ideal.

The main topic of the master's thesis is the phenomenon of Islamism in the Francophone Maghrebian literature. It focuses on the translation of novels from the region of Maghreb into the Czech language and on the reception of this type of literature in the Czech and French culture and society. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical one. The main aim of the theoretical part is to be interdisciplinary; it explains the main concepts of the political science such as the concept of a nation or of immigration policies. Only a good understanding of these policies can lead to the full comprehension of Islamism in Western countries. Moreover, this part presents the main topics of translation studies, i.e. postcolonial studies, after the cultural turn and the main characteristics of the Maghrebian literature. The second part of the thesis deals with the reception of novels about Islamism in France and in the Czech Republic and analyses the Czech translation of a novel written by Boualem Sansal. Key words Arabic culture, Islamism, Francophone literature, Maghreb, translation, reception, Boualem Sansal

New media have become an essential element of our everyday lives. They are also a platform for digital art. Through them, readers can encounter so-called 'electronic literature' as a developing cultural form, allowing to some extent, the the mutual influencing of media and genres. Firstly, all electronic literature needs to be consistently differentiated from electronic books, similarly the conversion of classical, analogue works into a digital form. This thesis deals with the definition of this specific area of literature, its reflection, including its historical anchoring. This work is necessarily based on an interdisciplinary approach, it draws on concepts from literary theory, however electronic literature cannot be viewed through its paradigms alone, as traditional definition frameworks and concepts cannot be fully applied in the new media environment. There is also emphasis upon media studies' theory, specifically studies of new media. Concurrently, the work deals with a specific form of narrative, the so- called 'interactive narrative', which is not found solely in the works of electronic literature, but it also has a wide scope. The final section presents the results of the author's research focused on readers' response to selected works of electronic literature with an interactive...

The dissertation looks into the book culture, book production and readership in the kingdom of Bohemia in early humanism. It explores the conditions of rise and reception of book printing in the kingdom of Bohemia. The mind-set of the Utraquist society, resistant to the influence from abroad, international isolation of the Utraquist Bohemia and the previous insignificant manuscript production proved to be the factors which failed to encourage the arrival of book printing in the country. The initial advancement of book printing was hesitant and could not to keep up with the more developed trade abroad. The Czech printing production related to the efforts of reformation to further enhance the moral status of the society soon turned to disseminating literature in the vernacular, yet often they were translated literature. The early Czech printed production however was affected by low quality and quantity of prints and was not of the significance declared by the previous generations of researchers. Personalities of the Catholic society were more inclusive about new ideas from abroad. In the contemporary society the Catholics were therefore the first ones to embrace book printing and also they were quicker in reception of humanism. The early humanist literature in Bohemia is related to the personality of...

My thesis examines the nature of contemporary fictional narration and explores its relations to other types of narration - mainly texts where educational or informative function prevails over the aesthetic one. The whole work is divided into four parts. The first part is theoretical; it sets up basic areas of interest and names methods, tools and models that will be tested on selected examples from Slavonic literatures. The second part analyses spatial and temporal relations of fictional narrative. Chapter 2.1 treats time and space in a novel mostly from the compositional point of view (based on the example of Sasha Sokolov's A School for Fools), while in the next chapter, focusing on ideational interconnections between literary and social- political utopias, both fictionality and temporality are understood more broadly than mere narrative categories: they serve as certain points of connection between the immanent occurrence of meaning in the "world of text" and its historical background. The third part continues in this direction, only what we mean by context here is not the collective historical background, but an individual sphere of everyday life. Our focus switches to two genres standing on the boundary of literary fiction and non-fiction - personal correspondence and a travel journal (travelogue). The...