The objective of this study was to determine whether gender stereotypes are present in elementary reading, textbooks published during the 1980s, and how the extent of stereotyping compares with textbooks published during the last two decades. Both manifest and latent content analyses were performed on a random sample of stories drawn from 4th and 5th grade reading textbooks. Chi-square analyses were performed to determine whether significant changes have occurred with regard to gender stereotypes over the last three decades, controlling for publishing company and sex of author. Five different publishing companies, randomly selected from a list of thirteen publishers approved for use by the Virginia Board of Education in 1988, were represented in the sample. The manifest content, was analyzed by comparing the number of male and female characters, number of female and male main characters, types of occupations held by male and female characters, number of females and males in illustrations, and the race of characters. The latent content was analyzed by comparing the sex of characters most likely to exhibit each of seven different gender,stereotyped traits.. The latent content was further analyzed by looking for gender stereotyped themes and quotes, and non-traditional themes and quotes in stories. / Master of Science

Orientador: Jefferson Cano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T06:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Godoi_RodrigoCamargode_D.pdf: 3856692 bytes, checksum: ea717572f9e1e3431455aad4cad93930 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Por intermédio da biografia de Francisco de Paula Brito (1809-1861), esta tese investiga o aparecimento do editor moderno no Rio de Janeiro no momento em que esses empreendedores de bens culturais impressos igualmente surgiam em diferentes cidades do ocidente, como Paris e Nova York. No caso brasileiro, fazer frente ao consumo de literatura francesa na capital do Império, bem como forjar alianças políticas no contexto de formação do Estado Nacional foram fatores determinantes no processo estudado / Abstract: Analysing the biography of Francisco de Paula Brito (1809-1861), this dissertation investigates the emergence of modern publishers in Rio de Janeiro, at a time when these entrepreneurs appeared in different cities worldwide such as Paris and New York. In the Brazilian case, determining factors in this process were the need to forge political alliances in the context of the Nation's birth, as well as the confrontation of the consumption of French literature at the Empire's capital / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História

Notre recherche a examiné un phénomène communicationnel susceptible d’éclairer le processus de la modernisation de la société roumaine au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles :il s’agit de la transformation de l’édition d’une société manufacturière dans « une proto-industrie culturelle » et de la création d’une sphère publique dans ce monde en constante redéfinition. Le rapport entre la croissance des biens culturels produits par les éditeurs et celle de l’intérêt des individus pour la lecture est le centre de notre recherche. Autrement dit, nous avons évalué la fonction sociale de la littérature roumaine et le rôle des livres sur le marché des produits culturels et informationnels. L’intervalle relativement long, de 1880 à 1914, nous a permis de confronter les données spécifiques à la production de littérature d’une manière diachronique, en analysant les stratégies économiques et politiques des acteurs et aussi les conflits résultant des rapports de pouvoir entre ceux-ci. L’analyse des conditions de ces mutations a déterminé les rôles sociaux des instances, les dialogues, les confrontations entre les acteurs et les publics. Nous avons identifié une crise de la littérature roumaine originelle qui a mobilisé une sorte d’internationalisation de la production littéraire. La concurrence des biens, des marchandises culturelles « importées » de l’Occident sous la forme des traductions ou des reformulations est l’un des « potentiateurs » de la création littéraire autochtone. <p>Les lectures croisées de documents (plans éditoriaux, correspondance, presse, journaux intimes et professionnels, etc.) et de sources secondaires (histoires littéraires, travaux de critique, manuels, etc.) nous ont permis de suivre l’évolution des intentions, des objectifs, des réalités et des conséquences sur ce qu’on considère l’histoire officielle de la littérature. Les différences entre les étapes démontrent, d’une manière assez exacte, les degrés de pouvoir des forces impliquées dans la production du canon littéraire ;elles illustrent aussi l’emprise croissante de l’idéologie sur le champ culturel à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle. L’analyse diachronique des parutions éditoriales à travers les 34 années étudiées reflète les changements des politiques culturelles de l’Etat. L’analyse appliquée à la politique éducationnelle de la discipline littérature roumaine nous a permis d’envisager une modification de la stratégie de l’Etat dans ce domaine et de questionner ses effets sur la création du patrimoine national. <p>Le littéraire, acteur central de notre recherche, nous a donné la possibilité d’instrumentaliser plusieurs notions appartenant à l’histoire du livre et de l’édition. De cette manière, les tensions présentes à l’intérieur de l’analyse historique de la littérature ont été transformées en sujet de réflexion, voire de rétablissement de certaines positions de domination. Le concept d’identité bibliographique est convoqué pour réaliser une lecture diachronique d’une époque. Nous avons identifié et analysé toute une série de problématiques passionnantes, telles les relations entre les instances impliquées dans la production, la circulation et la réception des livres littéraires durant la période 1880-1914.<p><p>The PhD thesis entitled The Romanian Literary Identity. Writers, Publishers and Readers in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries examines a communication phenomenon, constituting a scientific enterprise that aims to clarify some aspects relating to the modernization of Romanian society during the Belle Époque: we have in mind the transformation of the “publishing house” from a business dealing with handmade items into a “proto-industrial culture” and the creation of a public sphere in a world constantly seeking to define itself. The relationship between the increasing number of cultural goods produced by publishers and the growing interest in reading among the people represents a main focus of this research. In other words, we tried to assess the social function of Romanian literature and the role of books on the market for cultural and informational products. By choosing a fairly long period of time (1880-1914), we were able to confront the data pertaining to literary production in a diachronic manner, analyzing the economic and political strategies of the “actors”, as well as the conflicts arising from the power relations between those actors. The analysis of the circumstances surrounding the transformations undergone by the Romanian cultural area enabled us to determine more clearly the social roles of the participants, the interactions and confrontations between actors and audiences. We could identify a crisis of the original Romanian literature, a crisis that fostered the “internationalization” of the literary production. The competition between cultural goods “imported” from the West in the form of translations or adaptations was one of the factors enhancing local literary production. <p>The cross-reading of documents (editorial plans, correspondence, press, personal and professional diaries etc.) allowed us to evaluate the evolution of the intentions, goals, realities and consequences of the official history of Romanian literature (which has its origins in this period). The differences between these stages revealed the power statuses of the forces involved in producing the literary canon; they also showed the growing influence of ideology on the cultural field since the end of the nineteenth century. The diachronic analysis of the titles published in the 34 years under scrutiny reflects the changes ocurring in the cultural policies of the state. The educational strategies concerning Romanian literature as a field of study revealed the state’s attitude change towards this area, which enabled us to assess the effects on the development of the “national literary heritage”.<p>The literary field, the central actor of our research, opened the possibility to operationalize several concepts pertaining to the history of book publishing. Thus, the tensions existing within the historical analysis of literature were transformed into a subject of reflection, even re-establishing some positions of dominance. The notion of bibliographical identity was employed in order to do a diachronic reading of the era.<p>The research conducted for this dissertation gave us the opportunity to identify and analyze a range of exciting issues, such as the relationship between the participants involved in the production, dissemination and reception of literary works between 1880 and 1914.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished