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The implementation of the Public-Private Partnership model in land restitution claim settlement for the Masakona Community in Limpopo Province, South AfricaNemaangani, Mulatedzi Calvin January 2011 (has links)
Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011
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Evaluation of the financial performance of farm worker equity-share shemes with reference to Vuki Farm in the Overberg District Municipality of Western CapeMapheto, Monnamakwa Klaas January 2011 (has links)
Thesis (M. Dev) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The struggle for land ownership in South Africa continues despite the successful democratic
dispensation. Among other apartheid legacies, the new South Africa inherited a highly
skewed land ownership pattern based on racial inequalities of the apartheid regimes
stemming from the colonial era. The new government introduced a comprehensive land
reform programme, aimed at a non-racial distribution of land. The land reform programme
consists of three subprogrammes namely redistribution, restitution and land tenure reform.
Equity - share schemes are types of land reform, through which previously disadvantaged and
landless people can pool their resources to engage in agricultural and other land-related
production activities with white commercial farmers, corporations or sectors of government.
A critical question has centered on whether equity-share schemes can- and - do really result
in redistribution of power and resources. Most of the research work already done on equityshare
schemes focused much on investigating their social and political aspects, leaving much
attention on their financial performance. This research investigated the financial performance
of equity-share schemes using a recognized set of financial indicators. As an additional input
to the research, the study investigated perceptions of the scheme’s general performance based
on empowerment of farm workers, gender equity, decision making or power relations and
tenure security. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was used
to answer key questions of the study. These involved obtaining quantitative data from balance
sheets and income statements as well as holding meetings with management committee and
beneficiaries.
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The impact of the Land Restitution Programme on the livelihood of rural communities : a case study of Ga-Makgato Community in Limpopo Province of South AfricaMandiwana, Tshamano Donald January 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / This study aimed to assess the impact of the Land Restitution Programme on the livelihoods of the rural communities of Ga-Makgato village in the Molemole Municipality, Limpopo Province. As a basis of assessment, the primary and secondary data were collected and analysed. Electronic and non-electronic sources were used to collect secondary data while primary data were collected through pre-tested questionnaires. The study found that both males and females who are 38 in number participate in the land restitution programme. Of this number, 8% was found to be the youth, while the elderly and adults population of the beneficiaries of the CPA constitute 92%. Females constitute 47%, while the percentage of their male counterparts stood at 53%. In terms of the level of literacy, 11% of the total number of beneficiaries could not read or write and this is a serious concern of this study. Analysis of number of jobs created was also carried out. It was found in this study that the CPA managed to create on 38 jobs. In as far as income generating ability of the CPA is concerned, R1,5million was generated during the period under review. Of this amount, R710 000-00 came from the sales of Nguni cattle while the Bonsmara generated R650 000- 00. The following challenges were established in this study, i.e., lack of sufficient grazing space, lack of access to adequate funding, lack of technical and financial management skills, lack of sufficient government support, lack of access to adequate water sources, lack of access to markets, high electricity bills and lack of proper record keeping systems.
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The following recommendations are provided:
The CPA should review the lease agreement;
LEDA should in consultation with other financial institutions assist the CPA in accessing funding;
The Department of Agriculture should provide the CPA with technical assistance;
The Department of Water Affairs and Agriculture should ensure supply of water and infrastructure;
The Department of Agriculture and LEDA should provide the beneficiaries of the CPA with market infrastructure and information;
The Molemole Local Municipality should provide subsidy for electricity bills; and
Policy makers should consider implementation of the job creation model provided in this study.
If these policies can be successfully implemented, the land restitution programme in the Capricorn District, particularly at Ga-Makgato and surrounding villages, can become a major strategy for improving the livelihoods of the rural poor.
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The impact of the Land Restitution Programme on the livelihood of rural communities : a case study of Ga-Makgato Community in Limpopo Province of South AfricaMandiwana, Tshamano Donald January 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / This study aimed to assess the impact of the Land Restitution Programme on the livelihoods of the rural communities of Ga-Makgato village in the Molemole Municipality, Limpopo Province. As a basis of assessment, the primary and secondary data were collected and analysed. Electronic and non-electronic sources were used to collect secondary data while primary data were collected through pre-tested questionnaires. The study found that both males and females who are 38 in number participate in the land restitution programme. Of this number, 8% was found to be the youth, while the elderly and adults population of the beneficiaries of the CPA constitute 92%. Females constitute 47%, while the percentage of their male counterparts stood at 53%. In terms of the level of literacy, 11% of the total number of beneficiaries could not read or write and this is a serious concern of this study. Analysis of number of jobs created was also carried out. It was found in this study that the CPA managed to create on 38 jobs. In as far as income generating ability of the CPA is concerned, R1,5million was generated during the period under review. Of this amount, R710 000-00 came from the sales of Nguni cattle while the Bonsmara generated R650 000- 00. The following challenges were established in this study, i.e., lack of sufficient grazing space, lack of access to adequate funding, lack of technical and financial management skills, lack of sufficient government support, lack of access to adequate water sources, lack of access to markets, high electricity bills and lack of proper record keeping systems.
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The following recommendations are provided:
The CPA should review the lease agreement;
LEDA should in consultation with other financial institutions assist the CPA in accessing funding;
The Department of Agriculture should provide the CPA with technical assistance;
The Department of Water Affairs and Agriculture should ensure supply of water and infrastructure;
The Department of Agriculture and LEDA should provide the beneficiaries of the CPA with market infrastructure and information;
The Molemole Local Municipality should provide subsidy for electricity bills; and
Policy makers should consider implementation of the job creation model provided in this study.
If these policies can be successfully implemented, the land restitution programme in the Capricorn District, particularly at Ga-Makgato and surrounding villages, can become a major strategy for improving the livelihoods of the rural poor.
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Die herwinning van waaisand op Walker Bay-Staatsbos, Hermanus langs die Suidwes-Kaapse kus deur van Ammophila arenaria (L) link gebruik te maakReyneke, P. G. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScFor (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 1985. / Die ontstaan van waaisand langs die Suidwes-Kaapse kus en die geskiedenis van waaisandherwinning in die gebied word behandel. Die gebruik van Ammophila arenaria (marram) en A. breviligulata tydens die herwinning van waaisand in ander lande word bespreek.
Verskillende metodes kan gebruik word om die resultate van die onderskeie behandelings op die groei van marramgras te bepaal.
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Strip-mine rehabilitation in NamaqualandSchmidt, Anel 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Namaqualand has a very unusual diversity of plant life, with many endemic plant species. The
fundamental question of this thesis is how this system, damaged by strip-mining activities, can
be rehabilitated. The aim was to base the rehabilitation methods on ecological processes.
In order to answer this question an overview of the relevant literature was needed in
order to identify possible research needs and also to evaluate the work that has been done in
the field of strip-mine rehabilitation in arid areas. An understanding of community and
ecosystem dynamics would help to establish aims and methods for site-specific rehabilitation.
In Namaqualand, South Africa, there is also a need for experimentation to establish which of the
many factors is most limiting to long-term ecosystem recovery.
It is important to have a good knowledge of the successional processes and disturbance
history of the land which needs to be rehabilitated. The vegetation on unmined areas and
mined areas of different ages and treatments after mining, were sampled. It was shown that
some areas could be expected to show a large degree of recovery in the space of a few years,
whilst others would show little or no recovery over a period of decades. It is important to
recognise rehabilitation as a gradual process that takes place at different rates in different areas
and in different years. The planting of Atriplex nummularia and sowing of Atriplex semibaccata
did not facilitate the return of indigenous, perennial species, but rather seem to inhibit their
return.
In view of the importance of topsoil in terms of the fertility of the soil and the seed bank
present in the topsoil, the influence of topsoil removal and stockpiling due to strip-mining
activities were tested. The soil fertility was tested by means of radish bioassays and soil
laboratory analysis, whilst species diversity and richness were tested with seedling emergence
trials. As expected a higher plant species diversity was found on the unmined soils and
radishes grew larger on these soils. The topsoil deteriorated in terms of plant species richness,
diversity and soil fertility whilst it was stockpiled. Direct replacement of topsoil would ensure a
planting medium closer to the pre-disturbance level that could lead to fairly rapid and successful
recolonization of the mined area.
Successful plant recruitment also depends on the microsites to which seeds are
dispersed. The effect that different microsites had on seed germination, seedling growth and
survival was tested. It was found that micro catchments always yielded the highest numbers.
The establishment and survival of seedlings in the other microsite types (under single shrubs,
under clumped shrubs and in the open) varied, depending on the amount of rainfall received in
the particular year. Lastly, I experimented with the translocation of three local, indigenous,
succulent plant species. These plants were transplanted either in clumps of three together or
alone, since I hypothesized that planting them together would facilitate their survival. However,
it was found that it depended largely on the morphology of the plant and the amount of rainfall received in a particular year, whether these plants will compete with each other for limiting
resources or facilitate each other's survival.
The thesis contributes to the understanding of vegetation dynamics in the Succulent
Karoo after strip-mining has taken place. Guidelines are provided based on ecological
processes, for strip-mine rehabilitation in the Succulent Karoo. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Namakwaland is bekend vir sy ongewone diversiteit van plante, met baie endemiese spesies.
Die fundamentele vraag wat deur hierdie tesis gevra word is hoe hierdie sisteem, wat beskadig
is deur oppervlak mynbou, gerehabiliteer kan word. Die doel is om die rehabilitasie metodes te
baseer op ekologiese prosesse.
'n Oorsig van die relevante literatuur was nodig om moontlike areas van verdere
navorsing te identifiseer en ook die navorsing wat reeds gedoen is oor rehabilitasie van
oppervlak myne in ariede gebiede, te evalueer. 'n Goeie begrip van gemeenskap en
ekosisteem dinamika sal help om doelwitte en metodes daar te stel vir die rehabilitasie van
spesifieke areas. Dit is ook nodig om in Namakwaland, Suid -Afrika, uit te vind watter van die
baie faktore, die lang-termyn herstel van 'n ekosisteem, die meeste verhinder.
Dit is baie belangrik om In goeie kennis te hê van die versteurings geskiedenis van die
area wat gerehabiliteer moet word, asook die suksessionele prosesse wat werksaam is.
Plantegroei van areas wat op verskillende tye gemyn en verskillend behandel is, asook
ongemynde areas is ondersoek. Sekere areas het In groot mate van herstel gewys in 'n tydperk
van 'n paar jaar, terwyl ander, min of geen hersteloor 'n periode van dekades getoon het nie.
Dit is belangrik om rehabilitasie as 'n geleidelike proses te sien, wat teen verskillende tempos
plaasvind tydens verskillende jare en in verskillende areas. Daar is bevind dat die plant van
Atriplex nummularia asook die saai van Atriplex semibaccata nie die terugkeer van inheemse,
meerjarige spesies bevoordeel nie, maar dit eerder inhibeer.
Aangesien die bo-grond so belangrik is in terme van die grondvrugbaarheid en ook die
saadbank wat teenwoordig is, word die invloed van die verwydering en opberging van die bogrond
getoets. Die grondvrugbaarheid was bepaal deur groei-toetse op radyse en laboratorium
analise op die grond te doen. Die plant spesie diversiteit en rykheid was bepaal met In saad
ontkieming studie. In ooreenstemming met die verwagte uitkoms, was die plant spesie
diversiteit hoër op die ongemynde bo-grond en die radyse het groter geword op dieselfde grond.
Dit kom voor asof die plant spesie diversiteit en rykheid, asook die grond vrugbaarheid afneem
met tyd wat die bo-grond geberg word. Die direkte verspreiding van die bo-grond nadat dit
verwyder is, sal In medium vir die plante verseker wat nader is aan die vlak voordat die grond
versteur is. Dit sal oak sorg vir redelike vinnige en suksesvolle terugkoms van plante op die
gemynde grond.
Die suksesvolle vestiging van plante hang ook af van die mikro areas (klein areas in
terme van die grootte van 'n saad, wat In eie mikro-klimaat vorm), waarna saad versprei word.
Die effek van sulke mikro-gebiede op die ontkieming van saad, die groei van die saailinge en
die oorlewing van die saailinge was bepaal. Mikro-water- opvanggebiede het in al drie bogenoemde gevalle die hoogste syfers getoon. Die vestiging en oorlewing van saailinge in die
ander mikro-gebiede (die area onder enkel struike, die area onder groepe struike en oop areas)
het gevarieer afhangend van die hoeveelheid reënval wat ontvang is in die spesifieke jaar.
Laastens, is daar ge-eksperimenteer met die oorplant van drie plaaslike, inheemse, sukkulente
spesies. Hierdie plante was alleen geplant of in groepies van drie, bymekaar. Die hipotese was
dat huloorlewingskanse beter sal wees as hulle saam geplant word. Dit was egter bevind dat
die hoeveelheid reënval in 'n spesifieke jaar en die morfologie van die plant, bepaal of hulle sal
kompeteer vir die beperkte bronne en of hulle deur saam te groei huloorlewingskanse sal
verhoog.
Hierdie tesis dra by tot die verstaan van die plantegroei dinamika in die Sukkulente
Karoo nadat oppervlak mynbou plaasgevind het. Riglyne vir die rehabilitasie van oppervlak
myne, gebasseer op ekologiese prosesse, word ook voorgestel.
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An investigation into the impact of Land Reform on women empowerment with reference to Masakona Land Restitution Project at Makhado Municipality, Limpopo ProvinceSikhipha, Namadzavho Margaret January 2012 (has links)
Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / The research study focus on an investigation into the impact of land reform on women empowerment with reference to Masakona land restitution project at Makhado municipality, Limpopo province. South Africa land reform programme has three sub- programmes namely, Land Restitution, Land Redistribution and Land Tenure. The promotion of women economic empowerment in land restitution projects facilitates the achievement of other important public policy goals such as economic growth, improved human development and reduces poverty.
A specific focus on women in land restitution is necessary given the reality that women comprise the majority of economically disadvantaged groups. The support for women economic empowerment as part of overall development programming is important. There should be enough capacity building targeted at women to help them increase their participation in land reform programmes and projects. Land will serve as a means of creating opportunities to enable women to develop in numerous sphere of life, therefore giving them independent economic status.
The research findings in this study were done to employed females beneficiaries and the management of Masakona land restitution farms. The measurement of women empowerment were established focusing on economic empowerment, poverty alleviation, participation, decision making and capacity building at Masakona land restitution farms.
The findings of this study require the land reform programme to recognize the benefits received by women when lands are transferred to their household and community.
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Strip mining rehabilitation by translocation in arid coastal Namaqualand, South AfricaMahood, Kirsten 03 1900 (has links)
Degree of Master of Forestry (Conservation Ecology) / Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the use of top-soiling, irrigation and translocating indigenous plants to
facilitate the cost-effective return of a mined landscape to its former land-use (small stock
farming) in an arid winter rainfall Succulent Karoo shrub land biome on the West Coast of South
Africa.
Effects of topsoil stockpiling and subsoil mineral concentration on soil fertility and chemistry
were investigated, as soils are likely to determine rates of vegetation recovery on post-mined
areas. Results of a radish bioassay show that stockpiling topsoil and mineral concentration subsoil
decreased soil fertility. Mineral concentration decreased phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, carbon and nitrogen levels significantly relative to other soil treatments. Sodium in
freshly deposited tailings was at potentially toxic levels and significantly higher than for all other
soil treatments. Spreading of stockpiled topsoil over tailings may ameliorate harsh conditions
created by mineral separation.
Translocation of plants from pre-mined to post-mined areas was carried out on a trial basis in an
effort to facilitate the return of natural vegetation and processes to strip-mined landscapes. Five
local indigenous plant species: Asparagus spp., Ruschia versicolor, Othonna cylindrica,
Lampranthus suavissimus and Zygophyllum morgsana were planted into multi-species clumps in
a replicated experiment. Variables examined in the translocation trial included the effects of
plant origin, soil treatment and/or irrigation on plant survival and establishment. The proportion
of O. cylindrica transplants surviving for 15 months was greater than for other species. Whole
plants survived better than salvaged plants, and Asparagus spp., R. versicolor, L. suavissimus
and Z. morgsana survived better on stockpiled topsoil spread over tailings than on tailings alone.
Irrigation had no consistent effect across species and treatment replicates. Salvaged-plant
clumps were significantly larger than whole-plant clumps at planting, however, this effect was
not observed after 12 months, indicating that whole-plant clumps grew faster than salvaged-plant
clumps. The evergreen, leaf succulent shrubs O. cylindrica, L. suavissimus and R. versicolor
appeared to be most suitable for large-scale translocation at Namakwa Sands.
The return of biodiversity and changes in soil quality 15 months after translocation trials began
were compared for combinations of top-soiling, irrigation, plant translocation and unmodified
tailings. Irrigation may reduce biodiversity and seedling densities. Over a 15-month period following back filling and topsoil spreading, sodium, potassium and calcium appeared to return
to levels observed for undisturbed soils. Magnesium remains at levels lower than in pre-mined
soil conditions. Soil conditions may be more conducive to plant establishment and rehabilitation
after back-filling of tailings and topsoil spreading. Electrical resistance increased over time
indicating a reduction of free salts and salinity on rehabilitation sites. Phosphorus did not return
to pre-disturbance levels, and carbon remained below pre-mining levels for at least 15 months
after rehabilitation began, remaining a potential limiting factor in rehabilitation.
Each rehabilitation technique that a mine employs has costs and benefits, and it is increasingly
important that insights from ecology and economics are coupled if restoration efforts are going to
succeed. A review of valuation systems indicates that Discounted Cash Flow Techniques (DCF)
are suitable for valuation of rehabilitation operations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die gebruik van bogrond, besproeiing en die oorplanting van inheemse
plante om die koste-effektiewe rehabilitasie van 'n stroopmynlandskap in die droë, winter reënval
streek, Vetplant Karoo aan die Weskus van Suid-Afrika, wat vroeër gebruik is vir kleinvee
boerdery, te bespoedig
Die uitwerking van bogrondopberging en minerale konsentrasie op vrugbaarheid en chemise
komposisie van grond is ondersoek, aangesien dié gronde gewoonlik die herstelspoed van
plantegroei op 'n ou myn terein bepaal. Uitslae van radys proewe toon dat berging van bogrond
en minerale konsentrasie van die onderliggende grond vrugbaarheid van grond laat afneem.
Mynaktiwiteite en die minerale konsentrasie lei tot 'n betekenisvolle verlies aan fosfaat, kalium,
kalsium, magnesium, koolstof en stikstof as die geval met ander bedrywighede. Die vlak van
natrium in oorgeblywende sand na die minerale ekstraksie is hoogs giftig en is veel hoër as na
ander bedrywighede. Die toediening van bogrond oor die oorblywende sand verbeter die
toestand wat deur die skeiding van minerale veroorsaak is.
Oorplasing van plante vanaf ongemynde na rehabilitasie gebiede is op proefbasis uitgevoer in 'n
poging om die terugkeer van natuurlike plantegroei by die strookmyn te bespoedig. Vyf plaaslike
inheemse plantspesies: Asparagus spp., Ruschia versicolor, Othonna cylindrical, Lampranthus
suavissimus en Zygophyllum morgsana is in multi-spesie groepe geplant. Veranderlikes getoets
tydens hierdie proef sluit in plantoorsprong, grond behandeling, en/of besproeiing, op die
oorlewing en vestiging van plante. 'n Groter proporsie O. cylindrical as enige ander spesie het na
15 maande oorleef. Heel plante het beter oorleef as beskadigde plante. Asparagus spp., R.
versicolor, L. suavissimus en Z. morgsana het beter oorleef op gebergde bogrond oor
oorblywende sand as op oorblywende sand self. Besproeiing het nie 'n volgehoue uitwerking
gehad op spesies of op herhaalde replisering nie. Beskadigde plantgroepe was groter as heelplant
groepe toe hulle geplant is maar na 12 maande is opgemerk dat die heel-plante vinniger gegroei
het. Die immergroen vetplante, 0. cylindrical, L. suavissimus en R. versicolor blyk die mees
geskik vir grootskaalse oorplanting by Namakwa Sands.
Herstel van biodiversiteit en veranderings in grondeienskappe 15 maande na proewe begin het, is
vergelyk m.b.t. die toediening van bogrond, besproeiing, oorplanting en onbehandelde
oorblywende sand. Besproeiing kan biodiversiteit en digtheid van saailinge verminder. Vyvtien maande na opvulling en die toediening van bogrond, het kalium, natrium en kalsium teruggekeer
na vlakke in onversteurde grond. Magnesium vlakke was nog altyd laer as dié voordat
mynaktiwiteite aangevang is. Terugplasing van sand en toediening van bogrond mag die
vestiging en rehabilitasie van plante bespoedig. Weerstand vermeerder met tyd wat 'n verlaaging
in vry soute en soutagtigheid in die grond wat gebruik is vir rehabilitasie aantoon. Fosfor het nie
teruggekeer tot vlakke van voorheen nie en vlakke van koolstofhet na 15 maande verlaag gebly,
en kan die potential tot rehabilitasie belemmer.
Elke rehabilitasie tegniek wat die myn gebruik bring kostes sowel as voordele mee. Om
restorasie pogings te laat slaag moet insigte vanaf ekologie en ekonomie saam ingespan word. 'n
Oorsig van waardasie sisteme toon dat Afslag Kontant Vloei Tegnieke geskik is vir die evaluasie
van rehabilitasie programme.
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