L’interaction entre ceux qui se définissent comme autochtones et les allochtones s’illustre de façon manifeste dans la commune rurale de Sanso en raison de la découverte et de l’exploitation d’une mine d’or à partir de l’année 2000. Nous avons choisi ce site car il est considéré comme exemplaire tant par sa forte production aurifère (avec plus 20 millions de minerais en 2012, depuis sa mise en service elle a injecté 400 milliards Franc CFA dans l’économie nationale) que pour les projets de développement mis en place par la société minière. Nous avons analysé les changements sociaux au delà des discours politiques, juridiques et économiques sur l’or tout se référant sur l’environnement social et les changements qui le caractérisent, L’implantation des allochtones a provoqué de nombreuses modifications qui affectent les relations sociales telles que tes systèmes de parenté, les stratégies d’alliance ou encore les règles de pouvoir. Notre recherche s’est focalisée sur les interactions entre les autochtones et les allochtones. Les comportements traditionnels sociaux, politiques ou quotidiens ont connu des mouvements au profit de la généralisation d’un mode de vie unique inspiré par la ville. Notre problématique se résume donc à la question suivante : quels sont les changements provoqués par le déséquilibre démographique entre les habitants originaires de la commune et ceux qui sont venus s’y installer depuis l’exploitation de la mine et les incidences sur les conditions socio-économiques de la commune rurale de Sanso ? De manière plus spécifique, cette recherche analyse les interactions entre les autochtones et les allochtones dans la sphère de la modernité. Afin de rendre compte le plus finement possible des changements intervenus, l’analyse documentaire. l’observation in situ et les entretiens constituent les trois piliers de notre méthodologie / The interaction between those who define themselves as indigenous and non·indigenous stands out overtly in rural Sanso commune due to the discover and exploitation of a gold mine from 2000. We chose this site because it is considered exemplary both for its high gold production and for its development projects implemented by the mining company. Since its commissioning, Morila gold mine has extracted more than 200 tons of gold and contributed up lo 1,000 billion CFA francs in the national economy (customs duty. dividend taxes,). But if you exceed the posted showcase figures, social complexity, frustrations and daily questioning of the inhabitants of Sanso more than one third of the local population complain about the high cost of life, access to health care problems, drinking water. overstaffing in school classes, upheavals, environmental changes. Installation of non-native (regional, national and international) made numerous changes that affect social relationships such as kinship systems, alliance strategies and the rules of power. Our research has focused on interactions between natives and non-natives. Traditional social attitudes. political or experienced daily movements in favor of the generalization of a unique way of life inspired by other referential. It would. however. be wrong to think that people in the rural community of Sanso passively undergo transformations imported from outside. They involved in changes that affect the area. According to their practices and representations, they orient indeed local transformations, in a way not always expected by the Stale or mining jurisdictions such as deforestation resulting in the: destruction of wildlife habitats and the transformation of the traditional hunting for lucrative purposes. Based on the three priority areas identified by the Malian government and the direction of Morila SA, our analysis thus includes changes to both desired and undesired. which took shape al the option of development of Morita SA mine in the rural town of Sanso. Our problem is summarized in the following question: What are the changes caused by the demographic imbalance between the inhabitants from the commune and those who came to settle there since the operation of the mine? What were the implications of these changes on the socio-economic conditions of the rural commune of Sanso? More specifically, this research analyzes the interactions between indigenous and non· indigenous in a context of modernity. So as to relate as more specifically as possible the changes, document analysis, in-situ observation and interviews arc the three pillars of our methodology