In the range of 25°C - 80°C (ultra-low grade heat), a large quantity of waste heat from various processes is available unused. Special alloys made of nickel and titanium, so-called Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), could be an alternative technology to Organic Rankine Cycles to make this energy usable in the low power range. The 'THEAsmart 2' research project is therefore investigating the service life and energy lifecycle of this material to test the benefits of shape memory alloys in energy recovery and the efficiency levels that can be achieved. To this end, a demonstration prototype is being built that converts thermal energy into rotary motion. The next step is to link the demonstration prototype with a conventional fluid pump to create an SMA fluid pump that is driven by the thermal energy of the fluid to be pumped. The advantage of such a pump would be that it would be energy-independent, i.e. it would be operated solely by the thermal energy of the fluid without an electrical connection. Furthermore, such a pump could contribute to energy savings if it is used in cooling circuits in which the thermal energy of the fluid is the waste product from another process. In this case, it replaces an electric pump and utilizes the 'waste product' heat. The aim of the project is to investigate how and whether coil springs made of shape memory alloy are suitable for energy recovery. This is considered via the energy lifecycle: if more energy is required to manufacture a spring than this spring can convert kinetic energy from thermal energy in its lifecycle, then its use for energy recovery does not make sense in principle. As a secondary result of this research, statements about the efficiency of shape memory alloy coil springs and statements about their service life are expected.

Este trabalho estuda a cadeia do Gás Natural Líquido (GNL) e propõe utilizações para a recuperação da energia do processo de regaseificação em ciclos de potência acoplados. Primeiramente, aborda a cadeia de abastecimento do GNL, identificando e quantificando os pontos consumidores de energia, destruidores de exergia e a reevaporação de massa ocorrida quando o metano esta na fase líquida. Posteriormente, avaliam-se as possibilidades do aproveitamento energético do processo de regaseificação, que ocorre no final dessa cadeia. Trata-se da busca por ciclos térmicos mais eficientes e aumentar o aproveitamento do trabalho reversível dos sistemas, abordando três alternativas de plantas de potência para operarem acopladas ao fornecimento de GNL, com benefício mútuo para ambos os processos: promoção da regaseificação do GNL sem energia auxiliar e aumento da eficiência da planta de potência. O ciclo selecionado para a integração entre as plantas foi o (CHP) Brayton-Rankine com três formas diferentes de acoplamento. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 14,81% da energia contida no combustível na entrada da planta de liquefação é perdida ou consumida nos processos que envolvem a cadeia. Quando essa cadeia é acoplada a um ciclo de potência, obteve-se uma recuperação da energia gasta no processo de regaseificação que reduz a perda de energia para 12,65%. Pelo lado da planta de potência, a eficiência energética de um ciclo combinado operando sem estar acoplado à regaseificação do GNL é de 49,68%, com destruição de exergia de 1078,0 kJ/kg. Dependendo do tipo de acoplamento proposto, o rendimento subiu para até 61,53%, com conseqüente redução de destruição de exergia. / This work studies the chain of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and suggests its use for recovery energy in the process of regasification connected with cycles of power. First, it approaches the chain of supply chain of the LNG, identifies and quantifies the energy demand points, destruction of exergy and the reevaporation of mass occurred when the methane is liquid phase. After, the possibilities of the energy recovery of the regasification process are evaluated, that occurs in the end of this chain. The work searches for more efficient thermal cycles and the increase the recovery of the reversible work of the systems. Three alternatives are evaluated of power plants to operate connected to the LNG regasification, with mutual benefit for both the processes: promotion of the regasification of the LNG without energy auxiliary and increase the efficiency of the power plant. The cycle selected for the integration between the plants was (CHP) Brayton-Rankine with three different forms of coupling. The results show that 14.81% of the energy contained in the fuel in the entrance of the liquefaction plant are lost or consumed in the processes that involve the chain. When this chain is connected to a power cycle, the recovery of the energy spent in the regasification process reduces the loss of energy for 12,65%. For the side of the power plant, the energy efficiency of the combined cycle operating without connected to the regasification of the LNG is 49,68%, with destruction of exergy of 1078,0 kJ/kg. Depending on the type of considered coupling, the energy efficiency is 61,53%, with consequent reduction of destruction exergy.

Este trabalho estuda a cadeia do Gás Natural Líquido (GNL) e propõe utilizações para a recuperação da energia do processo de regaseificação em ciclos de potência acoplados. Primeiramente, aborda a cadeia de abastecimento do GNL, identificando e quantificando os pontos consumidores de energia, destruidores de exergia e a reevaporação de massa ocorrida quando o metano esta na fase líquida. Posteriormente, avaliam-se as possibilidades do aproveitamento energético do processo de regaseificação, que ocorre no final dessa cadeia. Trata-se da busca por ciclos térmicos mais eficientes e aumentar o aproveitamento do trabalho reversível dos sistemas, abordando três alternativas de plantas de potência para operarem acopladas ao fornecimento de GNL, com benefício mútuo para ambos os processos: promoção da regaseificação do GNL sem energia auxiliar e aumento da eficiência da planta de potência. O ciclo selecionado para a integração entre as plantas foi o (CHP) Brayton-Rankine com três formas diferentes de acoplamento. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 14,81% da energia contida no combustível na entrada da planta de liquefação é perdida ou consumida nos processos que envolvem a cadeia. Quando essa cadeia é acoplada a um ciclo de potência, obteve-se uma recuperação da energia gasta no processo de regaseificação que reduz a perda de energia para 12,65%. Pelo lado da planta de potência, a eficiência energética de um ciclo combinado operando sem estar acoplado à regaseificação do GNL é de 49,68%, com destruição de exergia de 1078,0 kJ/kg. Dependendo do tipo de acoplamento proposto, o rendimento subiu para até 61,53%, com conseqüente redução de destruição de exergia. / This work studies the chain of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and suggests its use for recovery energy in the process of regasification connected with cycles of power. First, it approaches the chain of supply chain of the LNG, identifies and quantifies the energy demand points, destruction of exergy and the reevaporation of mass occurred when the methane is liquid phase. After, the possibilities of the energy recovery of the regasification process are evaluated, that occurs in the end of this chain. The work searches for more efficient thermal cycles and the increase the recovery of the reversible work of the systems. Three alternatives are evaluated of power plants to operate connected to the LNG regasification, with mutual benefit for both the processes: promotion of the regasification of the LNG without energy auxiliary and increase the efficiency of the power plant. The cycle selected for the integration between the plants was (CHP) Brayton-Rankine with three different forms of coupling. The results show that 14.81% of the energy contained in the fuel in the entrance of the liquefaction plant are lost or consumed in the processes that involve the chain. When this chain is connected to a power cycle, the recovery of the energy spent in the regasification process reduces the loss of energy for 12,65%. For the side of the power plant, the energy efficiency of the combined cycle operating without connected to the regasification of the LNG is 49,68%, with destruction of exergy of 1078,0 kJ/kg. Depending on the type of considered coupling, the energy efficiency is 61,53%, with consequent reduction of destruction exergy.

Este trabalho estuda a cadeia do Gás Natural Líquido (GNL) e propõe utilizações para a recuperação da energia do processo de regaseificação em ciclos de potência acoplados. Primeiramente, aborda a cadeia de abastecimento do GNL, identificando e quantificando os pontos consumidores de energia, destruidores de exergia e a reevaporação de massa ocorrida quando o metano esta na fase líquida. Posteriormente, avaliam-se as possibilidades do aproveitamento energético do processo de regaseificação, que ocorre no final dessa cadeia. Trata-se da busca por ciclos térmicos mais eficientes e aumentar o aproveitamento do trabalho reversível dos sistemas, abordando três alternativas de plantas de potência para operarem acopladas ao fornecimento de GNL, com benefício mútuo para ambos os processos: promoção da regaseificação do GNL sem energia auxiliar e aumento da eficiência da planta de potência. O ciclo selecionado para a integração entre as plantas foi o (CHP) Brayton-Rankine com três formas diferentes de acoplamento. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 14,81% da energia contida no combustível na entrada da planta de liquefação é perdida ou consumida nos processos que envolvem a cadeia. Quando essa cadeia é acoplada a um ciclo de potência, obteve-se uma recuperação da energia gasta no processo de regaseificação que reduz a perda de energia para 12,65%. Pelo lado da planta de potência, a eficiência energética de um ciclo combinado operando sem estar acoplado à regaseificação do GNL é de 49,68%, com destruição de exergia de 1078,0 kJ/kg. Dependendo do tipo de acoplamento proposto, o rendimento subiu para até 61,53%, com conseqüente redução de destruição de exergia. / This work studies the chain of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and suggests its use for recovery energy in the process of regasification connected with cycles of power. First, it approaches the chain of supply chain of the LNG, identifies and quantifies the energy demand points, destruction of exergy and the reevaporation of mass occurred when the methane is liquid phase. After, the possibilities of the energy recovery of the regasification process are evaluated, that occurs in the end of this chain. The work searches for more efficient thermal cycles and the increase the recovery of the reversible work of the systems. Three alternatives are evaluated of power plants to operate connected to the LNG regasification, with mutual benefit for both the processes: promotion of the regasification of the LNG without energy auxiliary and increase the efficiency of the power plant. The cycle selected for the integration between the plants was (CHP) Brayton-Rankine with three different forms of coupling. The results show that 14.81% of the energy contained in the fuel in the entrance of the liquefaction plant are lost or consumed in the processes that involve the chain. When this chain is connected to a power cycle, the recovery of the energy spent in the regasification process reduces the loss of energy for 12,65%. For the side of the power plant, the energy efficiency of the combined cycle operating without connected to the regasification of the LNG is 49,68%, with destruction of exergy of 1078,0 kJ/kg. Depending on the type of considered coupling, the energy efficiency is 61,53%, with consequent reduction of destruction exergy.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of documentation for the construction of a hotel with a restaurant in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm. The building is designed for short-term accommodation of 50 people. The building is functionally divided into a hotel part and a restaurant part. It is a detached object L-shaped building. The building is designed as a classic building with masonry system. The hotel part is designed as a two-storey with masonry system and sloping roof. The restaurant part is designed as a two-storey with basement. This part is also from masonry system and with sloping roof. The building has 22 double rooms, 1 apartment for 4 people and 1 room for people with reduced mobility, restaurant and technical facilities.

This thesis project focuses on the simulation, design, hardware realization, and performance evaluation of a Three-phase Three-level (3-L) Sparse Neutral Point Clamped Converter (SNPCC) for Industrial Variable Speed Drives (VSDs). The basic operating principle of the SNPCC is briefly described based on switching functions. Accordingly, the modulation strategies as a combination of switching sequences are introduced. Three representative strategies are selected to be verified in this project. Afterward, active and passive components are selected based on analytical analysis mainly focusing on semiconductors losses, AC-side differential mode and common mode stresses. Meantime, the analytical analysis enables a straightforward performance comparison among the selected modulation strategies. Additionally, the reverse recovery process in the anti-parallel diode is identified, of which the energy losses are calculated. A calorimetric method is adopted in this project, which allows accurate temperature rise monitoring and provides a reliable way to measure the power losses generated by semiconductors. Eventually, an 800V 7.5kW prototype is constructed and put under test. The performance of the designed SNPCC is therefore evaluated and compared from losses and AC-side flux-linkage ripples perspectives, with the promising features highlighted and limits indicated. / Projektet fokuserar på simulering, konstruktion, hårdvarutillverkning och utvärdering av en trefas tre-nivå (3-L) Sparse Neutral Point Clamped Converter (SNPCC) för industriella varvtalsstyrda motordrifter (VSD). SNPCC:s grundläggandefunktionsprincip beskrivs kortfattat utifrån så kallade switchningsfunktioner. Därefter introduceras moduleringsstrategierna som en kombination av switchningssekvenser. Tre representativa strategier har valts ut för att verifieras i detta projekt. Därefter väljs aktiva och passiva komponenter på grundval av en analys som främst fokuserar på halvledarförluster och ledningsbundna störningar på växelsströmssidan. Analysen gör det möjligt att göra en enkel jämförelse av prestanda mellan de valda moduleringsstrategierna. Dessutom identifieras body-diodens återhämtningsprocess och energiförlusterna beräknas. I detta projekt används en kalorimetrisk förlustberäkning, som möjliggör noggrann övervakning av temperaturökningen och ger ett tillförlitligt sätt att mäta energiförlusterna i effekthalvledarna. Slutligen konstrueras och testas en 800V 7.5kW-prototyp. Prestandan hos den konstruerade SNPCC:n utvärderas med hänseende till förluster och flödesrippel på växelströmssidan. Fördelarna för den föreslagna tekniken lyfts fram och begränsningarna anges.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to determine, which nutritional supplements are selected by athletes of strength and endurance sports branches and what is the reason for their option. The theoretical part characterizes the 8 selected sports sector from point of view of the sport performance structure. There is also mentioned the issue of nutritional supplements, their division, legislation or general recommendations for the use in sport. The last chapter deals with the requirements for the use of nutritional supplements in different periods with respect to the branche of sport. Research part has specifically determined the nutritional strategy for athletes in the field of mentioned food supplements at strength and endurance-oriented sports disciplines by using the questionnaire. The research is supported by an interview with an expert nutritionist and sports through collaboration with the staff of the Centre for Sports of the Ministry of Interior