Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes special study report entitled : Planting on landfill. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-192).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Montana, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Montana, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-129). Also available via the World Wide Web.

As the political, economic and cultural fabric of all regions of the British Columbia landscape grows more sophisticated, legislative remedies to environmental issues will become more difficult to execute. If our society's values towards resources are to change, the resource protection field may need to evolve from legislated protection to cultural protection based on appreciation and peer pressure. In this regard, natural park sites have the potential to influence the values which will be carried beyond that particular site. Protective attitudes towards the environment often grow out of a feeling of connection to, and an understanding of, particular places. The act of conferring park status on a natural place acknowledges that we consider it to be special and hence worthy of protection. The way in which this environment is planned, designed and managed has the potential to demonstrate environmental protection values while educating people about the natural world and our impact upon it. Retaining the true "spirit of place" in a natural area park is a worthy goal but often difficult to achieve. In British Columbia's Provincial Park System, a dual mandate to provide for recreational pursuits while protecting the environment creates problems for staff who must fulfill what is often a conflicting prescription. A detailed policy framework for facilities, based on explicitly examined values, would provide direction for decision making about park facilities. This thesis looks at the topic of retaining a "sense of place" in natural area parks, examines the issue of values and tradeoffs in park management, and offers a planning framework to operationalize the B.C. Parks mandate to protect and present provincial parks. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This descriptive study of campers in Golden Ears, Kokanee Creek, Monck and Bamberton Provincial Parks in British Columbia is based upon 140 on-location personal interviews conducted in the summer of 1967. The clientele have been described in terms of their socio-economic characteristics. Further analysis of the data occurred in testing the hypothesis that there were no statistically significant differences at the five percent level when the variables of age, income, occupation, education and distance from home were compared with a variety of camper needs and preferences. This information may help various agencies concerned with the use of parks to plan educational programs for the park visitor. The study revealed that families were the main users of the four Provincial study parks. The head of the family unit was generally a man possessing some high school education and receiving an annual income of less than $10,000. Most of the respondents visited a succession of Provincial parks while on their camping trips. The tent, as in earlier times, remains the most common form of shelter used by campers. The appeal of a camping holiday was centered mainly on the change of life-style offered by this recreational form. However, campers having a non-professional work background also laid considerable stress on the health and social advantages of camping. The high regard of campers for the Provincial parks interpretation program was made evident by the high percentage of campers who favoured on-site instruction as a preferred means of gaining information about the outdoors. Further confirmation appeared in the expressed wish that some form of the program should be implemented in all of the study parks currently lacking this facility. Continuing education courses with camping content held considerable appeal for the respondents, particularly those under 29 years of age with some university training. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

This thesis examines institutional arrangements and government administration in the implementation of spatial planning policies in Indonesia. A case study approach is taken in examining the government initiatives to deal with environmental problems in the Puncak region. The natural landscape of the Puncak area attracts urban inhabitants to visit the area for recreation and to develop holiday homes and recreation-related facilities. The function of this area as a water source for Metropolitan Jakarta in turn is threatened by an increase in the amount of hard surface resulting from the development of man-made structures. These environmental problems became the focus of the national administration's attention directed by Presidential Regulation Number 13 of 1963, Presidential Decree Number 48 of 1983, and Presidential Decree Number 79 of 1985. In Indonesia, there are three levels of government: national, provincial, and district and municipal. As a consequence of being a unitary state, the supreme authority is held by the national government. The relationship between the national government and the regional government (e.g. province, district, municipality) is in accordance with the principles of deconcentration and decentralization. These principles affect the preparation and implementation of both development schemes and spatial plans. The National Development Planning Board prepares the Five-Year Development Plans while the Directorate of City and Regional Planning of the Department of Public Works prepares spatial plans. In order to execute sectoral and regional programs and projects indicated in a development plan, it is elaborated in annual operational plans. As with the operational plans, spatial plans use the development plan as their main reference. The involvement of the national and regional government agencies in tackling environmental problems in Puncak resulted in three coordination teams: Consultation Forum and Working Team at the national level and Technical Assistance Team at the regional level. Although the initiative of spatial planning is exercised by the central coordination teams, the implementation of spatial plans is placed under the authority of the provincial and regional governments. There are two approaches to regulating the use of land. One of spatial planning is held by the Directorate of City and Regional Planning and the other one of land administration is held by the Agrarian Affairs agencies. The national administration adopted the concept of spatial planning as the basis of government policies for the management of Puncak. The conceptual framework within which an analysis of the institutional arrangements for implementation is undertaken consists of five aspects: (1) the involvement of the executing agencies in the process of planning and implementation, (2) follow-up administration, (3) pronouncements by a higher authority, (4) coordination of planning and implementation, and (5) an institutional mechanism for implementation. The thesis finds that spatial planning must take into account administrative realities in order to achieve implementation which rests outside the planning agency. The activities of the executing agencies in turn are determined by a number of institutional factors: their organizational mandates and objectives derived from statutes and regulations, directives from superior officials and perception of subordinate officials in carrying out organizational tasks, existing routines and procedures, and administrative resources and organizational capabilities. From the analysis of the institutional arrangements and activities for implementing spatial planning policies for the Puncak region, this thesis concludes that presidential decrees are the driving force that activates government agencies to carry out their activities. A lesson obtained from the case of Puncak is that implementation is likely to happen if spatial planning takes into account not only a technical concept but also the administration of implementation. In this regard, this thesis recommends the need to include an "administrative strategy" in a spatial plan and to provide technical assistance from the central agencies to their regional counterparts. The purpose of this strategy is to consider the organizational capability of the executing agencies. The function of both this strategy and technical assistance is to enhance the preparation of an implementation-oriented regional spatial plan. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

It is the purpose of this study to make a complete recreation survey of Lodi with the idea of determining the need for a community sponsored recreation program. Lodi as a community is anxious to develop the welfare of its citizens. With the advancement and betterment of the community in mind, the results of this report are to be studied, checked, and acted upon by all groups interested in a community recreation program. For the purpose of clarification, recreation will be treated as leisure-time activity as for most people the opportunities for it are largely confined to their leisure hours. Dr. John H. Finley has pointed out, "the word, 'recreation' is broad enough to include play-music, the drama, the crafts, every free activity and especially creative activity for the enrichment of life".1 These findings will present the many factors showing the place of a community recreation program in our modern city life.

A Land Evaluation and Site Assessment system for Recreation (LESAR) was developed to provide those who wish to preserve lands suitable for recreational use with a quantifiable tool by which to do so. The framework of this system is patterned after the Soil Conservation Service's Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) system developed to evaluate land being considered for conversion of farmland to other uses. The new LESAR system utilizes a weighted factors approach and both resource based and non-resource based criteria by which to evaluate specific tracts of land for predetermined recreational uses. / M.L. Arch.