BACKGROUND: MRI is increasingly being used for rectal cancer staging. The purpose of this study was to summarize published evidence to determine the accuracy of MRI for T-category, lymph node (LN) metastases, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement in rectal cancer. METHODS: Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were estimated using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics modeling and bivariate random effects modeling. RESULTS: MRI was more specific for CRM (94%, 95%CI 88-97) than for T-category (75%, 95%CI 68-80) and LN’s (71%, 95%CI 59-81) but was more sensitive for T-category (87%, 95%CI 81-92) than for CRM (77%, 95%CI 57-90) and LN’s (77%, 95%CI 69-84). DOR was higher for CRM (56.1, 95%CI 15.3-205.8) than for LN’s (8.3, 95%CI 4.6-14.7) and T-category (20.4, 95%CI 11.1-37.3). CONCLUSIONS: MRI has good accuracy for both CRM and T-category and should be considered for preoperative rectal cancer staging. In contrast, LN assessment is poor on MRI.

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Objective: Access to care is key to effective rectal cancer treatment. We hypothesized that ethnic/racial minorities living in high population density areas would have the greatest delays in cancer care compared to whites living in medium population density areas. Methods: Using 2004-2016 National Cancer DataBase data, we identified stage I-III patients with invasive rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery. The data were analyzed by race/ethnicity (whites, blacks, or Hispanics) and population density (metropolitan or urban/rural). Multivariable ANCOVA was performed to evaluate the duration of time from diagnosis to surgery. Results: The study population consisted of 76,131 patients: 65,172 Non-Hispanic whites (NHW; 85.6%), 6,167 Non-Hispanic blacks (NHB; 8.1%), and 4,792 Hispanics (6.3%). Of these, 61,363 patients (80.6%) lived in metropolitan areas. Among direct-to-surgery patients, the greatest difference in mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 20.3 days (urban/rural NHW, 53.3 days, vs. metropolitan Hispanics, 73.6 days). Among patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy, the greatest difference in mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 18.8 days (urban/rural NHW, 136.9 days, vs. metropolitan NHB, 155.7 days). After multivariable adjustment for several socioeconomic and clinical factors, among direct-to-surgery patients, metropolitan Hispanics had a 16.5-day delay (95% CI 12.9-20.0) compared with urban/rural NHW. In patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy, metropolitan NHB had an 18.1-day delay (95% CI 16.1-20.0) compared to urban/rural NHW. Conclusion: The combination of high population density and racial/ethnic minority status was associated with delays in rectal cancer care that persisted after adjusting for other important factors. Understanding which populations are at risk and perceived obstacles to timely care will help inform interventions to minimize treatment access disparities.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21016号 / 医博第4362号 / 新制||医||1028(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小西 靖彦, 教授 福田 和彦, 教授 松村 由美 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24281号 / 医博第4897号 / 新制||医||1061(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 森田 智視, 教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 波多野 悦朗 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24831号 / 医博第4999号 / 新制||医||1067(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 山本, 洋介, 教授 武藤, 学, 教授 永井, 純正 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third commonest cancer in Sweden, with 6100 new cases every year. Several factors have been identified as contributors in the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma, amongst them is inflammation inducing angiogenesis, cell migration and mutations. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that is produced by the liver in response to inflammation. Method: CRP was measured at diagnosis and six weeks after surgery in 271 patients with stage II and III colorectal adenocarcinoma. The concentration of CRP in plasma was compared to parameters and outcomes as registered in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Results: Age over 70, co-morbidities, acute operation and mortality were significantly correlated with CRP concentrations over 5 mg/l. Using Cox-regressions univariate hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. CRP (HR 1.19-7.22, p<0.05), age (HR 6.02 p=0.0001), ASA-classification (HR 5.47, p=0.000), acute operation (HR 3.25, p=0.004), positive lymph nodes (HR 4.45-5.71, p=0.006), postoperative complications (HR 3.03, p=0.005) of which ICU-care (HR 13.86, p=0.000) and re- operation (HR 5.48, p=0.000) were the best predictors of mortality using the univariate model. In the multivariate model age over 70 (HR 4.792, p=0.006), postoperative complications (HR 3.645, p=0.012), N1- or N2-stage (HR 5.490 and 16.397, p=0.003 and 0.000 respectively) and preoperative CRP over 5 mg/l (HR 3.227, p=0.045) were significant predictors of mortality. Including only elective patients, N2-stage (HR 12.829, p= 0.000), age over 70 (HR 5.240, p= 0.017) and ASA-classification III and IV (HR 4.465, p= 0.012) were correlated to excess mortality.Discussion: The results confirm previous studies and adds to the evidence in support of CRP as a predictor of mortality in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. In the future these results might be valuable in predicting mortality and tailoring the care for patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. / Bakgrund: Tjock- och ändtarmscancer är ett folkhälsoproblem som drabbar cirka 6 100 personer årligen, vilket gör sjukdomen till den tredje vanligaste cancerformen. Det finns flera teorier om tjock- och ändtarmscancers uppkomstmekanism. En faktor som identifierats som grundläggande för all cancer är inflammation. Kroppen reagerar vid inflammation genom att bland annat uttrycka mer av vissa äggviteämnen. Ett sådant äggviteämne är C-reaktivt protein (CRP). Denna studies syfte är att undersöka om det finns någon korrelation mellan CRP och hur allvarlig cancern är, ålder, samsjuklighet, överlevnad och prognos hos patienter med tjock- och ändtarmscancer. Metod: Journaler från 525 patienter som inkluderats i ett lokalt kvalitetsregister för tjock- och ändtarmscancer användes för att jämföra hur nivån av CRP i plasma före och efter operation påverkar cancerutfallet för patienterna. En grupp på 271 patienter valdes ut baserat på tumörstadie och analyserades med statistiska metoder. Resultat: Pre- och postoperativt CRP är korrelerar till hög ålder (över 70 år), samsjuklighet, akut operation och överlevnad hos patienterna. Patienter äldre än 70 år, de som hade CRP över 5 mg/l, lymfkörtelmetastaser eller som drabbats av en komplikation efter operationen var överrepresenterade bland de avlidna. Delades patienterna in i två grupper baserat på CRP- koncentrationen i blodet sågs en ökad dödlighet hos de med CRP över 5 mg/l före operationen. Diskussion: Tidigare studier som gjorts på området visar liknande resultat. Fortsatta studier bör göras på patientgruppen då uppföljningstiden och antalet patienter i registret ökar. I framtiden kan man använda resultaten för att hitta de patienter som löper större risk att avlida och anpassa deras behandling för att minska risken.