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Reflection as a teacher education concept, connotation and implementation : a qualitative case study of a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (Secondary) Programme at a UK universityKhan, Muhammad Ilyas January 2012 (has links)
This thesis reports a qualitative case study exploring the connotation and implementation of reflection as an educational concept in a PGCE (secondary) programme at a UK university in the light of the perceptions of university tutors and student teachers. Reflection has been an important concept in many teacher education programmes but it has consistently been intricate in terms of its connotation and implementation and despite a vast amount of research aimed at deconstructing its complexity, the matter does not seem to have been resolved. Despite its conceptual complexity it has often been taken in its common sense meaning by practitioners in educational programmes and is, at times, turned into a slogan. This study was, therefore, aimed at an exploration of the meaning and implementation of the concept and the various factors that influence it in the programme under study. The findings of the study reveal that, true to its reputation, the concept defies any agreed upon understanding. On a conceptual level there was recognition of its complexity among the university tutors, although this did not come out in the case of student teachers who predominantly defined it in its common sense meaning. At the implementation level the common sense practice-oriented connotation appeared to prevail among both groups. Factors influencing this orientation included the practical emphasis of the PGCE, the focus on response to the centralised QTS standards, the time-work balance and the under-appreciation for theory in its technical-rational conceptualisation in the predominantly skill-oriented and subject-teaching focused structure of the training. The study implies that for reflection to be appreciated and implemented at the deeper, conceptual and critical level, it should be put into practice more overtly with elaborate theoretical underpinnings. This would call for changes in this and similar programmes in terms of structure, content and aims.
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Painting as a Reflective and Generative ProcessJian, Dan 06 July 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Transforming self as reflective teacher : journey of being and becoming a teacher and teacher educatorAkinbode, Adenike January 2014 (has links)
The nature of reflective practice in teaching and its development is the focus of this research. The research approach is reflexive narrative through systematic self-inquiry using Johns (2010) six dialogical movements. This methodology is new to researching the practice of teaching. The research process involved constructing stories of practice experiences, culminating in the construction of the reflexive narrative charting the entire journey over three years and four months. Creating the stories involved in-depth reflection using the disciplined practice of journaling. Reflection was deepened using reflective models, and dialogue with a range of literature sources also supported the creation of the stories. Central to the study was guided reflection through regular engagement with an established inquiry group, which provided a high level of challenge and support for the research. The reflexive narrative was constructed from 25 stories of practice experience, which represents the journey of being and becoming a reflective teacher and teacher educator. The research presents aspects of the lived experience of teaching which includes foregrounding some of the complexity of classroom practice. The research demonstrates how engaging in in-depth reflective process can transform moment to moment practice within the fast-paced crowded classroom experience. This is achieved through gaining an in-depth understanding of self as a teacher, and of the education system and its policies and practices. As a result of in-depth reflection on practice, aspects of teaching which usually remain hidden are exposed. The research identifies how emotion impacts on teaching in some depth. An understanding of one’s emotional self in practice, and one’s personality preferences are essential in developing desirable practice. The research makes a contribution to knowledge about narrative research in educational practices. The methodology demonstrates a valuable approach to developing teaching practice, and enabling a teacher to identify issues which impact on practice but which have been hidden. Teachers also gain an understanding of the fear and constraints which limit desirable practice and enable one to find ways to work that are liberating rather than limiting.
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A reflective study on factors that influenced the matric results in physical sciences in four secondary schools in a district in the Eastern CapeNdokwana, Vusumzi Wilfred January 2017 (has links)
Magister Educationis - Med / This is a reflective study of the factors that influenced the performance of
learners in Physical Sciences National Senior Certificate examinations in
four secondary schools in a district in Eastern Cape. The study considered
factors that influenced the matric results for a period of five years in a district
in the Eastern Cape (from 2010 to 2015) National Senior Certificate results.
The study was conducted to identify the indicators that could positively
influence physical sciences results after many years of underperformance in
the subject. This study was underpinned by the theory of reflective practice.
As part of an intervention strategy, learners completed an intensive
programme of teaching during school hours, extra classes, practical work
and assessment. The four school principals were purposively selected for
interviews. Four Physical Sciences educators from the four senior secondary
schools and 12 post-grade 12 learners from each senior secondary school
were all interviewed. Post-grade 12 learners were randomly selected for
interviews. The researcher used a reflective journal as a method of
examining the reflections by the respondents. Teachers reflected on their
teachings to improve their practices that make science learning more
meaningful to both learners and teachers
The findings indicate that extra classes provided sufficient time to complete
the syllabus, to conduct experiments and to administer practical tests.
Regular assessment in theory and practical work showed the improvement
in attainment of good physical sciences results in all the four participating
schools. Instructional supervision from the managers also assisted in
developing teacher skills. It was recommended that the DoE should use
experts in teacher training and professional development activities. School
management systems should play an active role in teacher support and the
supervision of instructional work.
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Narrative self-inquiry to capture transformation in mental health nursing practiceFoster, Lei January 2013 (has links)
The aim of the study is to identify and map the process of transformation of the practice of a mental health nurse from everyday practice to desirable practice (that is, the realisation of mental health Recovery) through self-inquiry into a series of narratives derived from that practice. Recovery is desirable in terms of clinical governance and is also desirable practice for mental health nurses as a standard to which they should practice. A series of reflexive narratives signposted the transformative journey and also captured the lived experience of transformation. Experiences from practice were captured as spontaneous stories. Guided reflection obtained insights from these stories, and the insights derived from the stories were subsequently reflexively deepened by inquiring into them. In time the cues in the model of guided reflection became internalized to the extent that practitioner narratives arose that already embedded insights. Self-inquiry into these practitioner narratives indicated the nature and the felt affect of constraints met within practice. The affect of these constraints upon the individual practitioner and upon the ability of the individual practitioner to achieve desirable practice is indicated by self-inquiry into them. The result of the study was the realisation that transformation is unable to take place without the individual practitioner being fully aware of who one is, in order that s/he may effect transformation and change. Whilst self-inquiry into the narratives indicated the constraints upon the individual practitioner, the psychological unpreparedness also indicated by that self-inquiry indicated why that the tension between the reality of practice and desirable practice could not be adequately explored. The thesis takes the form of a narrative about writing narratives. The narratives illustrate the norms and values that affect individual practice both vertically (that is, from the organisation and the government), and horizontally (that is, from colleagues and managers), and how an individual practitioner experiences these as obstructive to delivering the service they desire. There have been no narratives written by practitioners about the journey to realise Recovery in their practice; and the structure of the narratives as performances is unique to this subject of thesis by a mental health nurse.
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A reflexão e a prática docente: considerações a partir de uma pesquisa-ação. / The reflection and the teachers practices: considerations on a research-action.Acker, Maria Teresa Vianna Van 26 May 2008 (has links)
Esta tese tem em vista compreender de que modo a reflexão sobre as vivências dos professores na escola e na sala de aula geram conhecimento da prática em benefício do maior comprometimento profissional e, por conseguinte, com efeitos sobre autorização que reconhecem ter. Por se tratar de um tema que implica em considerar os processos de reflexão sobre a prática vivenciada pelos professores, ele exige metodologias de pesquisa que levem à colaboração eles. Escolhemos como abordagem metodológica a pesquisa-ação existencial pelo seu caráter de estímulo à reflexão. Como toda pesquisa-ação, essa investigação também se desenvolveu em diferentes etapas. Na primeira etapa, delineamos de que modos os professores produziam conhecimentos a partir de suas vivências práticas. Para isso nos utilizamos observações seguidas por entrevistas, as quais denominamos de entrevistas de explicação, inspiradas nas entrevistas de explicitação, descritas por Pierre Vermersch. Nessa etapa, identificamos que os professores valem-se de dois tipos de reflexão quando analisam e explicam suas práticas: uma reflexão que justifica o que fazem a partir de um costume, por um lado; por outro lado, uma reflexão que explica o percurso que traçaram até elaborarem um modo original de ensinar. Percebemos também que todos os professores, após a entrevista, revelaram ter descoberto que faziam coisas que não sabiam que faziam. Percebemos também a importância que as interações sociais exercem na ação docente, tanto no que diz respeito às atitudes conservadoras, quanto no que diz respeito às inovações. Diante da constatação da presença dessas interações no trabalho dos professores e também da dificuldade de auto-observação, decidimos prosseguir a pesquisa utilizando uma abordagem que favorece a emergência da subjetividade, nas suas dimensões intra e inter subjetivas. Para isso, recorremos ao Ateliê Biográfico de Projeto, descrito por Christine Delory-Momberger. O resultado desse procedimento foi o maior comprometimento dos professores com a pesquisa em relação à primeira etapa e, também, a formulação de um projeto do grupo tendo em vista estabelecer uma forma sistematizada de reflexão sobre a experiência, de modo a se esclarecerem sobre os desafios da profissão docente na atualidade. Essa decisão, agora do grupo, e não da pesquisadora, gerou uma terceira e última etapa, na qual utilizamos a técnica de Grupo Operativo, criada por Enrique Pichon-Rivière. A originalidade desta pesquisa consistiu em realizar uma intervenção que levou ao envolvimento os parceiros na investigação sobre suas próprias experiências. Isso possibilitou que a análise de deslocasse de uma abordagem centrada no indivíduo para uma abordagem do sujeito enquanto ser social e do grupo como produtor de pensamento. Ao afirmar a coexistência das dimensões intrasubjetiva, intersubjetiva e até impessoal da reflexão, os dispositivos de pesquisa revelaram a busca daqueles professores por formas de agrupamento que lhes permita resistir aos descompassos da sociedade do conhecimento que transforma os indivíduos em objetos autômatos e consumidores de informação. / The purpose of this thesis is to understanding how reflection on teaching experiences generates practical knowledge that contributes to professional commitment, also affecting the authorization teachers acknowledge as theirs. As the subject involves reflection on teachers practices, it requires research methodology conductive to their cooperation. Thus, we have chosen to use existential action-research, an approach that encourages reflection. As in other action-research techniques, this was also developed in several steps. Initially, the manner in which teachers produce knowledge based on their practical experience was precisely outlined using observation followed by interviews, named explanatory interviews after those described by Pierre Vermersch. During this step we found that teachers use two types of reflection when analyzing and explaining their practices: they explain their actions by habit, or else they explain the path followed in order to developed an original way of teaching. After the interview teachers reported having found out that they did things they were previously unaware of. We also noted the importance of interaction in teaching, both regarding conservative attitudes and innovative ones. After having verified the presence of groups in teachers activities, and also the difficulty of self-observation, we decided to proceed using an approach capable of surfacing subjectivity, both internally and in interactions. The Autobiographic Workshop Project, as described by Christine Delory- Momberger, was used for this purpose, having yielded greater commitment of teachers with the first step of the research, and also a group project with the purpose of establishing an organized way of reflecting on their experience, and understanding their present professional challenges. This decision, of the group and no longer of the researcher, led to the third step, in which the Operative Group technique, created by Enrique Pichon-Rivière, was employed. The originality of this research lies in the fact that its intervention led to the progressive involvement of the research subjects in the investigation of their own experiences, which produced a shift from an analysis centered on the individual towards an analysis based on the individual as part of a group that produces knowledge. By stating the coexistence of intra-subjective, inter-subjective and even impersonal aspects of reflection, research techniques show that these teachers search for ways of forming groups that allow them to face the inconsistencies of the society of knowledge, which transforms individuals in automatons and consumers of knowledge.
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Programa de formação em Venda Nova do Imigrante na perspectiva das coordenadoras pedagógicas de educação infantilSilva, Maria Beatriz Telles Marques da 31 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / This work covers the study of the formation program, held from 2010 to 2014, with the public schools infant educators of the Venda Nova do Imigrante (ES) town, developed by the Comunidade Educativa CEDAC, in partnership with the Education Office and the Jutta Batista Institute. The research main objective is to analyze the developed work as viewed by the pedagogical coordinators in charge of the town infant education, aiming at the formation programs improvement. Oh interest in the critical of this program is the fact that it has resulted in the organization qualification and working of schools, as long as practices offered to 0 – 5 years old children. The intent was to analyze the actions carried out in the vision of formation of pedagogical coordinators and teachers, focusing the formation concept and the way involved people were where considered, and the formation strategies which contributed most to allow the transformations in the schools as well. The theoretical reference used to support the analysis was organized in four topics: The in-service formation concept; Collaborative context formation; The role of the pedagogical coordinators; and the formation in the infant education, based in the following authors ideas: AZEVEDO (2013), (2012) CANÁRIO (2007), NÓVOA (2007), IMBERNÓN (2009, 2011), OLIVEIRA (2012, 2015) PERRENOUD (2002), PLACCO (2003, 2011, 2012), SCARPA (1998). The methodology approach is qualitative and the data collecting means were the semi-structured interviews and documental checking. Some of the findings revealed aspects which can contribute to the enhancement of the formation activity carried out with the partnership of towns. Amongst the findings some incoherencies can be mentioned in the formation strategies utilized, recognizing the importance of those which favor reflexive action, including practice into theory and the observation of practices, which are known as strategies which allow the transformations in the professionals practices. The advances reported by the pedagogical coordinators represent another important finding, thus evidencing they didn’t follow a sole formation model / O presente trabalho tem como contexto de estudo um programa de formação realizado, entre 2010 e 2014, com os profissionais da educação infantil das escolas públicas do município de Venda Nova do Imigrante (ES) e desenvolvido pela Comunidade Educativa CEDAC em parceria com a Secretaria de Educação do referido município e o Instituto Jutta Batista. O objetivo central da pesquisa é analisar o trabalho desenvolvido, na perspectiva das coordenadoras pedagógicas responsáveis pela educação infantil do município, com vistas no aprimoramento dos programas de formação. O interesse na realização de uma análise crítica deste programa de formação deve-se ao fato de que ele trouxe como resultado a qualificação da organização e funcionamento das escolas, bem como das práticas oferecidas às crianças de 0 a 5 anos. Pretendeu-se analisar as ações realizadas na formação das coordenadoras pedagógicas e na formação dos professores, com foco na visão do conceito de formação e na forma como os sujeitos envolvidos foram considerados, além das estratégias formativas que mais contribuíram para favorecer as transformações que aconteceram nas escolas. O referencial teórico utilizado para fundamentar a análise foi organizado em quatro temas: O conceito de formação em serviço; Formação em contexto colaborativo; O papel dos Coordenadores pedagógicos e A formação na Educação Infantil, pautando-se nas ideias dos seguintes autores: AZEVEDO (2013), (2012) CANÁRIO (2007), NÓVOA (2007), IMBERNÓN (2009, 2011), OLIVEIRA (2012, 2015) PERRENOUD (2002), PLACCO (2003, 2011, 2012), SCARPA (1998). A abordagem metodológica é qualitativa e os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise documental. Alguns dos achados revelaram aspectos que podem servir como contribuições para o aprimoramento do trabalho de formação realizado em parceria com os municípios. Dentre os achados pode-se mencionar algumas incongruências nas estratégias utilizadas na formação, reconhecendo-se a importância das que favorecem a ação reflexiva, dentre estas, a tematização da prática e a observação da prática são reconhecidas como as estratégias que favoreceram as transformações na prática dos profissionais. Os avanços que as coordenadoras pedagógicas relatam nas ações formativas que passaram a realizar de forma autônoma representam outro importante achado, evidenciando que não se prenderam a um modelo único de formação
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A formação continuada de professores de química: o uso dos recursos visuais para o desenvolvimento da autonomia. / The formation in-service chemistry teacher training: the use of visual aids for the development of autonomy.Vasconcelos, Flávia Cristina Gomes Catunda de 15 June 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo estrutura-se em torno de questionamentos referentes à investigação de como um curso de formação continuada, que explorava ouso dos recursos visuais, poderia contribuir para o desenvolvimento da prática reflexiva, bem como da autonomia do professor no ensino de Química. Na perspectiva de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual buscou-se identificar e analisar as concepções de professores de Química referente ao uso desses recursos em sequências didáticas desenvolvidas no durante o curso de formação. O mesmo foi realizado nas cidades de São Paulo-SP e Recife-PE, devido, em ambos os estados, as ações de políticas públicas educacionais disponibilizarem recursos tecnológicos (tablets, notebooks, projetores multimídia) para uso dos professores e alunos em sala de aula. Contudo, não foram identificados programas de formação continuada específicos para o uso de forma estruturada e consciente. Pois, sabe-se que o uso desses recursos no ensino de Química, possibilitam melhorias na compreensão dos fenômenos químicos, através da transição das informações presentes nos três modos representativos (macroscópico, submicroscópico e simbólico) da Química.Dentro da proposta do curso foram discutidas Teorias da Psicologia Cognitiva que dão suporte para a utilização desses recursos visuais em sala de aula, como a (I) Teoria da Codificação Dual (TCD) de Alan Paivio (PAIVIO, 1986); II) Teoria da Carga Cognitiva (TCC) elaborada por John Sweller (SWELLER, 2003); e, III) Teoria Cognitiva da Aprendizagem Multimídia (TCAM) desenvolvida por Mayer (2001). Os pressupostos metodológicos direcionavam na investigação de como os professores modificavam o seu exercer profissional com o uso dos recursos visuais, bem como no que se refere aos momentos de reflexão para prática e no desenvolvimento de sua autonomia (ZEICHNER, 1993a; 1995; MORTIMER, FRISON, 2014). Com os registros audiovisuais, exercícios metodológicos, entrevistas e aplicação da sequência didática desenvolvida e aplicada na realidade escolar do professor, foi possível identificar e analisar estes aspectos. No contexto de São Paulo-SP, as mudanças centraram-se na questão do uso e inserção de recursos visuais plausíveis de serem explorados na realidade dos professores participantes. E, no processo colaborativo de auxiliar o outro na estruturação das sequências didáticas, dispondo-se assim de momentos de reflexão para a prática individual, mas realizadas em grupo. Em Recife-PE, os relatos de experiência dos professores demonstraram que apenas uma professora utilizava simulações e softwares de forma mais estruturada e consciente das potencialidades e limites associadas a estes recursos. Mas, com disposição dos outros professores em compreenderem a importância de estudo e uso dos recursos visuais em suas aulas. Em ambos os contextos, os professores se preocuparam em estruturar sequências didáticas que possibilitassem o desenvolvimento do aluno e melhor compreensão dos fenômenos integrados a uma abordagem mais construtivista, distanciando-se do ensino tradicional. Desta forma, foi possível identificar e explorar algumas concepções e dificuldades dos professores em estruturem sequencias didáticas com uso dos recursos visuais e diante disto, explorar algumas sugestões para realização de pesquisas futuras. / This study is structured around questions relating to research as a teacher training course, which explored the use of visual resources, could contribute to the development of reflective practice, and the autonomy of the teacher in the teaching of chemistry. From the perspective of a qualitative research, in which we sought to identify and analyze the chemistry teachers\' conceptions regarding the use of these resources in teaching sequences developed in during the training course. The same was done in São Paulo-SP and Recife-PE, due in both states, educational public policy actions make available technological resources (tablets, notebooks, multimedia projectors) for use by teachers and students in the classroom. However, were not identified specific programs for continuing education for the use of structured and consciously. For, it is known that the use of these resources in the teaching of chemistry, enable improvements in the understanding of chemical phenomena, through the transition from the information provided in three representative modes (macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic) of chemistry. In the proposal of the course were discussed theories of Cognitive Psychology that support for the use of these visual resources in the classroom, such as (I) Dual Coding Theory (DCT) Alan Paivio (PAIVIO, 1986); II) Theory of Cognitive Load (TCC) developed by John Sweller (SWELLER, 2003); and, III) Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (TCAM) developed by Mayer (2001). The methodological assumptions directed to investigate how teachers would modify their professional exercise with the use of visual resources, as well as with regard to moments of reflection to practice and develop their autonomy (ZEICHNER, 1993a; 1995; MORTIMER, FRISON, 2014). And audiovisual records, methodological exercises, interviews and application of the developed instructional sequence and applied in the school reality of the teacher, it was possible to identify and analyze these aspects. In the context of São Paulo-SP, changes focused on the question of the use and integration of plausible visuals to explore the reality of the participating teachers. And collaborative process to assist the other in the structuring of didactic sequences, thus providing up to moments of reflection for individual practice, but conducted in groups. In Recife, the teachers experience reports have shown that only a teacher used simulations and more structured form of software and aware of the potential and limits associated with these resources. But the mood of the other teachers understand the importance of study and use of visual aids in their classes. In both contexts, teachers bother to structure didactic sequences that would allow the student development and better understanding of the phenomena integrated into a more constructivist approach, moving away from traditional teaching. Thus, it was possible to identify and explore some conceptions and difficulties of teachers in structuring teaching sequences with use of visuals and before that, explore some suggestions for future research.
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A reflexão e a prática docente: considerações a partir de uma pesquisa-ação. / The reflection and the teachers practices: considerations on a research-action.Maria Teresa Vianna Van Acker 26 May 2008 (has links)
Esta tese tem em vista compreender de que modo a reflexão sobre as vivências dos professores na escola e na sala de aula geram conhecimento da prática em benefício do maior comprometimento profissional e, por conseguinte, com efeitos sobre autorização que reconhecem ter. Por se tratar de um tema que implica em considerar os processos de reflexão sobre a prática vivenciada pelos professores, ele exige metodologias de pesquisa que levem à colaboração eles. Escolhemos como abordagem metodológica a pesquisa-ação existencial pelo seu caráter de estímulo à reflexão. Como toda pesquisa-ação, essa investigação também se desenvolveu em diferentes etapas. Na primeira etapa, delineamos de que modos os professores produziam conhecimentos a partir de suas vivências práticas. Para isso nos utilizamos observações seguidas por entrevistas, as quais denominamos de entrevistas de explicação, inspiradas nas entrevistas de explicitação, descritas por Pierre Vermersch. Nessa etapa, identificamos que os professores valem-se de dois tipos de reflexão quando analisam e explicam suas práticas: uma reflexão que justifica o que fazem a partir de um costume, por um lado; por outro lado, uma reflexão que explica o percurso que traçaram até elaborarem um modo original de ensinar. Percebemos também que todos os professores, após a entrevista, revelaram ter descoberto que faziam coisas que não sabiam que faziam. Percebemos também a importância que as interações sociais exercem na ação docente, tanto no que diz respeito às atitudes conservadoras, quanto no que diz respeito às inovações. Diante da constatação da presença dessas interações no trabalho dos professores e também da dificuldade de auto-observação, decidimos prosseguir a pesquisa utilizando uma abordagem que favorece a emergência da subjetividade, nas suas dimensões intra e inter subjetivas. Para isso, recorremos ao Ateliê Biográfico de Projeto, descrito por Christine Delory-Momberger. O resultado desse procedimento foi o maior comprometimento dos professores com a pesquisa em relação à primeira etapa e, também, a formulação de um projeto do grupo tendo em vista estabelecer uma forma sistematizada de reflexão sobre a experiência, de modo a se esclarecerem sobre os desafios da profissão docente na atualidade. Essa decisão, agora do grupo, e não da pesquisadora, gerou uma terceira e última etapa, na qual utilizamos a técnica de Grupo Operativo, criada por Enrique Pichon-Rivière. A originalidade desta pesquisa consistiu em realizar uma intervenção que levou ao envolvimento os parceiros na investigação sobre suas próprias experiências. Isso possibilitou que a análise de deslocasse de uma abordagem centrada no indivíduo para uma abordagem do sujeito enquanto ser social e do grupo como produtor de pensamento. Ao afirmar a coexistência das dimensões intrasubjetiva, intersubjetiva e até impessoal da reflexão, os dispositivos de pesquisa revelaram a busca daqueles professores por formas de agrupamento que lhes permita resistir aos descompassos da sociedade do conhecimento que transforma os indivíduos em objetos autômatos e consumidores de informação. / The purpose of this thesis is to understanding how reflection on teaching experiences generates practical knowledge that contributes to professional commitment, also affecting the authorization teachers acknowledge as theirs. As the subject involves reflection on teachers practices, it requires research methodology conductive to their cooperation. Thus, we have chosen to use existential action-research, an approach that encourages reflection. As in other action-research techniques, this was also developed in several steps. Initially, the manner in which teachers produce knowledge based on their practical experience was precisely outlined using observation followed by interviews, named explanatory interviews after those described by Pierre Vermersch. During this step we found that teachers use two types of reflection when analyzing and explaining their practices: they explain their actions by habit, or else they explain the path followed in order to developed an original way of teaching. After the interview teachers reported having found out that they did things they were previously unaware of. We also noted the importance of interaction in teaching, both regarding conservative attitudes and innovative ones. After having verified the presence of groups in teachers activities, and also the difficulty of self-observation, we decided to proceed using an approach capable of surfacing subjectivity, both internally and in interactions. The Autobiographic Workshop Project, as described by Christine Delory- Momberger, was used for this purpose, having yielded greater commitment of teachers with the first step of the research, and also a group project with the purpose of establishing an organized way of reflecting on their experience, and understanding their present professional challenges. This decision, of the group and no longer of the researcher, led to the third step, in which the Operative Group technique, created by Enrique Pichon-Rivière, was employed. The originality of this research lies in the fact that its intervention led to the progressive involvement of the research subjects in the investigation of their own experiences, which produced a shift from an analysis centered on the individual towards an analysis based on the individual as part of a group that produces knowledge. By stating the coexistence of intra-subjective, inter-subjective and even impersonal aspects of reflection, research techniques show that these teachers search for ways of forming groups that allow them to face the inconsistencies of the society of knowledge, which transforms individuals in automatons and consumers of knowledge.
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A formação continuada de professores de química: o uso dos recursos visuais para o desenvolvimento da autonomia. / The formation in-service chemistry teacher training: the use of visual aids for the development of autonomy.Flávia Cristina Gomes Catunda de Vasconcelos 15 June 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo estrutura-se em torno de questionamentos referentes à investigação de como um curso de formação continuada, que explorava ouso dos recursos visuais, poderia contribuir para o desenvolvimento da prática reflexiva, bem como da autonomia do professor no ensino de Química. Na perspectiva de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual buscou-se identificar e analisar as concepções de professores de Química referente ao uso desses recursos em sequências didáticas desenvolvidas no durante o curso de formação. O mesmo foi realizado nas cidades de São Paulo-SP e Recife-PE, devido, em ambos os estados, as ações de políticas públicas educacionais disponibilizarem recursos tecnológicos (tablets, notebooks, projetores multimídia) para uso dos professores e alunos em sala de aula. Contudo, não foram identificados programas de formação continuada específicos para o uso de forma estruturada e consciente. Pois, sabe-se que o uso desses recursos no ensino de Química, possibilitam melhorias na compreensão dos fenômenos químicos, através da transição das informações presentes nos três modos representativos (macroscópico, submicroscópico e simbólico) da Química.Dentro da proposta do curso foram discutidas Teorias da Psicologia Cognitiva que dão suporte para a utilização desses recursos visuais em sala de aula, como a (I) Teoria da Codificação Dual (TCD) de Alan Paivio (PAIVIO, 1986); II) Teoria da Carga Cognitiva (TCC) elaborada por John Sweller (SWELLER, 2003); e, III) Teoria Cognitiva da Aprendizagem Multimídia (TCAM) desenvolvida por Mayer (2001). Os pressupostos metodológicos direcionavam na investigação de como os professores modificavam o seu exercer profissional com o uso dos recursos visuais, bem como no que se refere aos momentos de reflexão para prática e no desenvolvimento de sua autonomia (ZEICHNER, 1993a; 1995; MORTIMER, FRISON, 2014). Com os registros audiovisuais, exercícios metodológicos, entrevistas e aplicação da sequência didática desenvolvida e aplicada na realidade escolar do professor, foi possível identificar e analisar estes aspectos. No contexto de São Paulo-SP, as mudanças centraram-se na questão do uso e inserção de recursos visuais plausíveis de serem explorados na realidade dos professores participantes. E, no processo colaborativo de auxiliar o outro na estruturação das sequências didáticas, dispondo-se assim de momentos de reflexão para a prática individual, mas realizadas em grupo. Em Recife-PE, os relatos de experiência dos professores demonstraram que apenas uma professora utilizava simulações e softwares de forma mais estruturada e consciente das potencialidades e limites associadas a estes recursos. Mas, com disposição dos outros professores em compreenderem a importância de estudo e uso dos recursos visuais em suas aulas. Em ambos os contextos, os professores se preocuparam em estruturar sequências didáticas que possibilitassem o desenvolvimento do aluno e melhor compreensão dos fenômenos integrados a uma abordagem mais construtivista, distanciando-se do ensino tradicional. Desta forma, foi possível identificar e explorar algumas concepções e dificuldades dos professores em estruturem sequencias didáticas com uso dos recursos visuais e diante disto, explorar algumas sugestões para realização de pesquisas futuras. / This study is structured around questions relating to research as a teacher training course, which explored the use of visual resources, could contribute to the development of reflective practice, and the autonomy of the teacher in the teaching of chemistry. From the perspective of a qualitative research, in which we sought to identify and analyze the chemistry teachers\' conceptions regarding the use of these resources in teaching sequences developed in during the training course. The same was done in São Paulo-SP and Recife-PE, due in both states, educational public policy actions make available technological resources (tablets, notebooks, multimedia projectors) for use by teachers and students in the classroom. However, were not identified specific programs for continuing education for the use of structured and consciously. For, it is known that the use of these resources in the teaching of chemistry, enable improvements in the understanding of chemical phenomena, through the transition from the information provided in three representative modes (macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic) of chemistry. In the proposal of the course were discussed theories of Cognitive Psychology that support for the use of these visual resources in the classroom, such as (I) Dual Coding Theory (DCT) Alan Paivio (PAIVIO, 1986); II) Theory of Cognitive Load (TCC) developed by John Sweller (SWELLER, 2003); and, III) Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (TCAM) developed by Mayer (2001). The methodological assumptions directed to investigate how teachers would modify their professional exercise with the use of visual resources, as well as with regard to moments of reflection to practice and develop their autonomy (ZEICHNER, 1993a; 1995; MORTIMER, FRISON, 2014). And audiovisual records, methodological exercises, interviews and application of the developed instructional sequence and applied in the school reality of the teacher, it was possible to identify and analyze these aspects. In the context of São Paulo-SP, changes focused on the question of the use and integration of plausible visuals to explore the reality of the participating teachers. And collaborative process to assist the other in the structuring of didactic sequences, thus providing up to moments of reflection for individual practice, but conducted in groups. In Recife, the teachers experience reports have shown that only a teacher used simulations and more structured form of software and aware of the potential and limits associated with these resources. But the mood of the other teachers understand the importance of study and use of visual aids in their classes. In both contexts, teachers bother to structure didactic sequences that would allow the student development and better understanding of the phenomena integrated into a more constructivist approach, moving away from traditional teaching. Thus, it was possible to identify and explore some conceptions and difficulties of teachers in structuring teaching sequences with use of visuals and before that, explore some suggestions for future research.
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