The issue of refugees and the factors which result in forced migration are of growing importance. Currently, one in every 120 people is living outside of his or her nation of origin by force. There appears to be no end in sight to this situation. This paper seeks to examine conditions within a nation which contribute to the production of refugees. Using a model based on Clark's (1989) early warning system, this paper examines both proximate and root causes of refugee migration. The findings suggest that human rights violations have a proximate causal relationship to refugee production. High levels of state autocracy, low per capita energy consumption, larger rural populations, and a recent negative net migration have an associative relationship to refugee production. Further studies are needed to examine the interrelationship between the proximate and root conditions and their effect on refugee flow.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the factors affecting the repatriation of Afghan refugees living in Pakistan, by using data collected in these refugee camps, during the Fall of 1988.

Project (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Project (Dept. of History) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (D.P.A.)--University of La Verne, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 300-318).

Thesis (D.P.A.)--University of La Verne, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 300-318).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005. / Submitted to the Dept. of Child Development. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-126). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: George Dei. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toronto, 2005.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004. / Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 317-338.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2007.