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Rubbish work : environmental service firms and the transformation of public service employment in British local governmentTooke, Samantha Jane January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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The independent trash collectorsMiller, Larry D. January 1971 (has links)
This thesis is a study of the occupational group consisting of the independent trash collectors in Center Township of Delaware County, Indiana. It represents an attempt to discover who the individuals are who comprise this group and what characteristics they have as trash collectors.This thesis explores the attitudes of the independent collectors toward the public, their attitudes regarding the public’s conception of them, and the collectors’ attitudes toward their work. The views these men hold regarding their future and the future of their business are also examined. This thesis also discusses the equipment which the collectors own and use and surveys the present situation and future developments likely in the trash business.
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Job stigma and self-esteemWalsh, Edward J. January 1974 (has links)
Thesis--University of Michigan.
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Surf: an abstract model of distributed garbage collection.Brodie-Tyrrell, William January 2008 (has links)
Garbage collectors (GCs) automate the problem of deciding when objects are no longer reachable and therefore should be reclaimed, however, there currently exists no automated process for the design of a correct garbage collector. Formal models exist that prove the correctness of individual GCs; more general models describe a wider range of GCs but do not prove their correctness or provide a concrete instantiation process. The lack of a formal model means that GCs have been designed in an ad-hoc manner, published without proof of correctness and with bugs; it also means that it is difficult to apply experience gained from one implementation to the design of another. This thesis presents Surf, an abstract model of distributed garbage collection that bridges the gap between expressibility and specificity: it can describe a wide range of GCs and contains a proof of correctness that defines a list of requirements that must be fulfilled. Surf’s design space and its requirements for correctness provide a process that may be followed to analyse an existing collector or create a new GC. Surf predicts the abstract behaviour of GCs; this thesis evaluates those predictions in light of the understood behaviour of published GCs to confirm the accuracy of the model. A distributed persistent implementation of the Train Algorithm is created as an instantiation of Surf and the model is used to analyse progress in the GC and drive the design of a partition selection policy that provides a lower bound on progress and therefore reduces the GC’s complexity to completeness. Tests with mesh data structures from finite element analysis confirm the progress predictions from Surf. Published GCs cluster mostly in one corner of the Surf design space so this thesis explores the design of a GC at an unoccupied design point: the Tram Algorithm. Analysis via Surf leads to the prediction that Trams are capable of discovering topology in the live object graph that approximately identifies the strongly connected components, permitting O(1) timeliness that is unique to the Tram Algorithm. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science, 2008
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Urban waste picking in low-income countries: knowledge and actionGauley, Steven W. 05 1900 (has links)
A significant segment of the urban population in many low-income countries
derives their living from the harvest of marketable materials from urban waste streams.
The activities of so-called "scavengers" or waste pickers in many African, Asian, and
Latin American cities have also come to be understood to have environmental benefits:
the diversion of materials from the urban waste stream decreases the volume of wastes
that need to be collected, transported and disposed of. However, due to their daily
contact with garbage, these men, women, and children are usually associated with dirt,
disease, and squalor. The work of the scavenger is often conceptualized as being poverty
driven and undertaken as a survival strategy or coping mechanism in a harsh urban
environment.
In recent years, various programs and projects have been developed by nongovernmental
organizations, religious institutions, community-based organizations, and
local governments to address the needs of scavengers. Such intervention schemes are
designed in one way or another to alter the scavengers' existing situations.
This study looks at the possible linkages between the evolving understanding of
scavenging and the various approaches to intervention that it engenders. This study first
examines how scholars and researchers analyze waste picking issues and their
suggestions for potential interventions and then relates this understanding to how
institutions, citizens, non-governmental organizations, and aid agencies are addressing
these issues in practice.
It is found that different conceptualizations of waste picking issues have led to
different intervention prescriptions, and that the prescribed interventions are motivated by
environmental, economic, or humanitarian concerns. This study contends that the
recommended and implemented intervention prescriptions are simply promoting market
means in an attempt to achieve humanitarian ends, and, therefore, are only short-term
measures that will not solve the identified waste picking issues.
Data sources used in this effort include academic journals, conference papers,
case studies of development programs, newspaper articles, Web sites, and field reports.
Data were also obtained by contacting researchers and organizations that have studied or
are currently working with waste pickers in a variety of geographical settings.
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Urban waste picking in low-income countries: knowledge and actionGauley, Steven W. 05 1900 (has links)
A significant segment of the urban population in many low-income countries
derives their living from the harvest of marketable materials from urban waste streams.
The activities of so-called "scavengers" or waste pickers in many African, Asian, and
Latin American cities have also come to be understood to have environmental benefits:
the diversion of materials from the urban waste stream decreases the volume of wastes
that need to be collected, transported and disposed of. However, due to their daily
contact with garbage, these men, women, and children are usually associated with dirt,
disease, and squalor. The work of the scavenger is often conceptualized as being poverty
driven and undertaken as a survival strategy or coping mechanism in a harsh urban
environment.
In recent years, various programs and projects have been developed by nongovernmental
organizations, religious institutions, community-based organizations, and
local governments to address the needs of scavengers. Such intervention schemes are
designed in one way or another to alter the scavengers' existing situations.
This study looks at the possible linkages between the evolving understanding of
scavenging and the various approaches to intervention that it engenders. This study first
examines how scholars and researchers analyze waste picking issues and their
suggestions for potential interventions and then relates this understanding to how
institutions, citizens, non-governmental organizations, and aid agencies are addressing
these issues in practice.
It is found that different conceptualizations of waste picking issues have led to
different intervention prescriptions, and that the prescribed interventions are motivated by
environmental, economic, or humanitarian concerns. This study contends that the
recommended and implemented intervention prescriptions are simply promoting market
means in an attempt to achieve humanitarian ends, and, therefore, are only short-term
measures that will not solve the identified waste picking issues.
Data sources used in this effort include academic journals, conference papers,
case studies of development programs, newspaper articles, Web sites, and field reports.
Data were also obtained by contacting researchers and organizations that have studied or
are currently working with waste pickers in a variety of geographical settings. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Health and safety risks among the Thulamela Municipality waste handlers in the Limpopo Province, South AfricaNgobeni, Takalani 18 May 2019 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health / Health and safety issues pertaining to workers are global concerns and a major priority to the
employers and government respectively. Employees in general across industries are faced with
various health and safety risks. Epidemiological research has shown consistently that waste
handlers are mostly exposed to various risks and hazards during their work as compared to
other professions globally. This study focused on waste handlers employed by the Thulamela
Municipality in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study employed qualitative explorative
design and targeted all municipal waste handlers. Municipal waste handlers were sampled
using non probability purposive sampling. In-depth interviews, using an interview guide, were
conducted by the researcher and a voice recorder was used to record data from the participants
after obtaining permission from them. The sample size comprised of 18 participants and was
determined by data saturation. A thematically analysis technique was used to analyse data.
Data from the participants were clustered into main theme, categories and sub-categories. The
following themes emerged from data analysis: physical hazards, psychological hazard,
biological hazards and chemical hazard. The study revealed that the municipal waste handlers
are exposed to various occupational risks and are experiencing shortage of personal protective
equipment, ranging from hand gloves, safety helmets, rain coats, overall uniforms, safety
jackets and boots, to keep themselves safe from health problems and occupational injury when
collecting waste. It is recommended that the Thulamela municipality should prioritise the
working conditions for municipal waste handlers, by distributing suitable personal protective
equipment such as hands gloves, safety helmet, rain coats, safety jackets and boots) and
overalls / NRF
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