Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects the environment in a variety of ways, including of human health, visibility impairment, acid deposition, and climate change. As of March, 2006, 47 counties are designated as non-attainment areas in terms of PM2.5 in the southeastern United States. State agencies with PM2.5 non-attainment counties must develop plans that demonstrate how they will achieve attainment status. State agencies also have to address emission sources of visibility impairment and develop strategies to improve visibility. It is essential to understand PM2.5 composition and sources in order to develop effective control strategies to reduce PM2.5. In this thesis, actual prescribed burning emissions were characterized for better estimation of their impacts on air quality. Chemical mass balance (CMB) modeling, a receptor-oriented source apportionment technique, was applied to understand regional characteristics of PM2.5 source impacts in the Southeast. Uncertainty issues in the CMB source apportionment results due to both poor spatial representativeness and measurement errors was addressed for better understanding and estimation of the uncertainties. Possible future research is recommended based on the findings in this thesis.

Submitted by Ignacio Rey (ignacio.crespo12@gmail.com) on 2013-06-20T16:02:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1892087 bytes, checksum: 9b69116ff77d99edaa98675b0553f14c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-06-27T12:13:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1892087 bytes, checksum: 9b69116ff77d99edaa98675b0553f14c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-27T12:13:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1892087 bytes, checksum: 9b69116ff77d99edaa98675b0553f14c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-12 / The aim of this paper is to understand more about the role of trade liberalization on wage inequality, more precisely, on the residual wage inequality. Using the Brazil- ian trade openness, the large tari cuts that occurred between 1987 and 1995, it is empirically investigated whether di erent levels of exposure to trade across states contributed to the di erent inequality movements. Results indicate that states more exposed to trade liberalization experienced a relative increase in residual wage in- equality or, equivalently, a smaller decrease. These ndings enrich the discussion on the e ects of trade openness on inequality. / O objetivo deste trabalho é entender mais sobre o papel da liberalização sobre a desigualdade salarial, mais precisamente, sobre a desigualdade residual dos salários. Usando a abertura comercial brasileira, a extensa redução tarifária que ocorreu entre 1987 e 1995, é investigado empiricamente se os diferentes níveis de exposição ao comércio entre os estados contribuíram para os diferentes movimentos da desigualdade. Os resultados indicam que estados mais expostos à liberalização comercial experimentaram um aumento relativo da desigualdade residual dos salários ou, de forma equivalente, uma menor redução. Estes resultados enriquecem a discussão dos efeitos da abertura comercial sobre a desigualdade.

The theme of this thesis is the air transport and its dramatic and dynamic development in the last twenty years. The key driving force behind this change was the deregulation of air agreements and liberalization of international markets, which took place in the seventies in the USA and in the nineties in Europe. This work addresses specific and general effects of deregulation and the development of air transport industry and aims to identify and analyze changes of its structures in space and time. One of the major and direct impacts and consequences of deregulation is that the free market allowed the emergence of new low-cost airlines, which significantly changed the structure and trends of air transport. The changes allowed for greater mobility of people, goods and capital, and also caused a partial change in consumer behaviour of individuals and institutions, and even more interconnected global economy. The source of data and information are primarily articles in professional journals written in English. Knowledge from particular analysis and research approaches to air traffic from the first part of this work is confronted with empirical research. This was based on the statistical data of air traffic in Germany, for each airport from 1991 to 2010 and verified the theoretical concepts of the general...