It is a feature of present-day schooling, in South Africa and abroad, that music teachers are expected to organise and direct vocal ensemble activities, for example, yet adequate preparation provided in higher education courses for this role that the school music teacher has to fulfil, seems lacking. The purpose of this study is to compile a knowledge base that will enable the planning and development of a choral conducting curriculum, for use in South African tertiary institutions. The curriculum should be aimed at aspirant teachers in primary and secondary schools and community leaders who are culturally aware and who have a responsibility and interest in the choral field. Choral conducting as a recognised subject of an undergraduate study package is a relatively new academic field in South Africa. The envisaged curriculum needs to enhance the proficiency of choral conducting students within an educational context. The thesis is presented in five chapters of which Chapter 1 represents the background to the study, Chapter 5 summarises the study with recommendations and a conclusion, whilst Chapters 2 – 4 constitute the greater part of the research. Chapter 2 – Towards a definition of an effective conductor, offers a perspective on the various roles of conductors and investigates the nature of the art of choral conducting in order to move towards a definition of an effective conductor. In Chapter 3 – Current choral conducting curricula, the present situation with regards to choral conducting curricula in Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Philippines, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States of America is discussed. Chapter 4 – Choral conducting skills, examines the knowledge and skills that ought to be part of a choral conductor's proficiency. The meaning of each component and its characteristics are discussed. The primary method of research was the review of literature in order to acquire an in-depth understanding of the theme under investigation. The researcher also used the Internet as source of information on national and international choral conducting curricula. / Dissertation (DMus)--University of Pretoria / Music / unrestricted

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O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar os processos de desenvolvimento da escuta melódica de adultos, sem formação musical, integrados a coros vocacionais, com o intuito de poder melhorar a performance vocal do grupo. Tendo como objeto o processo de formação do Coral Oficina Comunicantus, grupo integrado ao Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral do Departamento de Música da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo. Nosso método de coleta de dados foi baseado nas observações dos ensaios e nas análises das avaliações (relatórios) feitas pelos monitores integrados ao Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral, através dos quais procuramos vislumbrar as necessidades de aprendizagem dos coralistas do coro supracitado. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa ora de observação ora interativa, atuamos combinando tais ações e orientando o desenvolvimento das habilidades inerentes à escuta melódica em aspectos pré-definidos. Durante o processo investigativo, utilizamos como método referencial de análise, dos conteúdos musicais, os trabalhos do Prof. Dr. Marco Antonio da Silva Ramos e do Prof. Paulo Rubens Morais Costa e, por outro lado, a produção bibliográfica de educadores como César Coll e Teresa Mauri, que atuaram na reforma escolar espanhola, de forma a subsidiar nossas escolhas pedagógicas e didáticas para atuar junto aos coralistas. Como resultado desse processo, pudemos desenvolver algumas atividades que contribuíram para a resolução de certas necessidades de aprendizagem momentâneas deste grupo e também suscitaram a criação de outras que foram utilizadas oportunamente, após o término do prazo definido de observação e interação a que este trabalho se refere. / This dissertation aims mainly at studying the processes of development of melodic hearing by adults who do not have any musical formation and yet join vocational choirs in order to improve the vocal performance of the group. Its object is the process of formation of the Educational Lab-Choir Comunicantus, which belongs to the Comunicantus Choral Office of the Department of Music of the School of Communication and Arts of the University of São Paulo. The method of data collection was based on rehearsal observations and on the analysis of evaluations (reports) made by student trainees integrated in the Comunicantus Choir Office, through which we trie to identify the gaps in learning of the choir singers. As the research is partly made up of observations and partly interactive, action was taken so as to combine these actions and give advice on the development of skills innate to melodic hearing in predefined aspects. Along the process of investigation, the Referencial de Análises of the musical contents by Professor D. Marco Antonio da Silva Ramos and Professor Paulo Rubens Morais Costa were used as a method. On the other hand, the works by educators as César Coll and Teresa Mauri, who worked in the Spanish school reform, were used to provide pedagogical and didactic choices for us to act with the choral singers. As a result of this process, some activities were developed that contributed to offer solution to some specific learning needs of this group and also made possible the creation of others that were used, whenever suitable, after the period of observation and interaction.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar os processos de desenvolvimento da escuta melódica de adultos, sem formação musical, integrados a coros vocacionais, com o intuito de poder melhorar a performance vocal do grupo. Tendo como objeto o processo de formação do Coral Oficina Comunicantus, grupo integrado ao Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral do Departamento de Música da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo. Nosso método de coleta de dados foi baseado nas observações dos ensaios e nas análises das avaliações (relatórios) feitas pelos monitores integrados ao Comunicantus: Laboratório Coral, através dos quais procuramos vislumbrar as necessidades de aprendizagem dos coralistas do coro supracitado. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa ora de observação ora interativa, atuamos combinando tais ações e orientando o desenvolvimento das habilidades inerentes à escuta melódica em aspectos pré-definidos. Durante o processo investigativo, utilizamos como método referencial de análise, dos conteúdos musicais, os trabalhos do Prof. Dr. Marco Antonio da Silva Ramos e do Prof. Paulo Rubens Morais Costa e, por outro lado, a produção bibliográfica de educadores como César Coll e Teresa Mauri, que atuaram na reforma escolar espanhola, de forma a subsidiar nossas escolhas pedagógicas e didáticas para atuar junto aos coralistas. Como resultado desse processo, pudemos desenvolver algumas atividades que contribuíram para a resolução de certas necessidades de aprendizagem momentâneas deste grupo e também suscitaram a criação de outras que foram utilizadas oportunamente, após o término do prazo definido de observação e interação a que este trabalho se refere. / This dissertation aims mainly at studying the processes of development of melodic hearing by adults who do not have any musical formation and yet join vocational choirs in order to improve the vocal performance of the group. Its object is the process of formation of the Educational Lab-Choir Comunicantus, which belongs to the Comunicantus Choral Office of the Department of Music of the School of Communication and Arts of the University of São Paulo. The method of data collection was based on rehearsal observations and on the analysis of evaluations (reports) made by student trainees integrated in the Comunicantus Choir Office, through which we trie to identify the gaps in learning of the choir singers. As the research is partly made up of observations and partly interactive, action was taken so as to combine these actions and give advice on the development of skills innate to melodic hearing in predefined aspects. Along the process of investigation, the Referencial de Análises of the musical contents by Professor D. Marco Antonio da Silva Ramos and Professor Paulo Rubens Morais Costa were used as a method. On the other hand, the works by educators as César Coll and Teresa Mauri, who worked in the Spanish school reform, were used to provide pedagogical and didactic choices for us to act with the choral singers. As a result of this process, some activities were developed that contributed to offer solution to some specific learning needs of this group and also made possible the creation of others that were used, whenever suitable, after the period of observation and interaction.

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