One of the most fundamental problems in classical general relativity is the measure of e↵ective mass of a pure gravitational field. The principle of equivalence prohibits a purely local measure of this mass. This thesis critically examines the most recent quasi-local measure by Wang and Yau for a maximally rotating black hole spacetime. In particular, it examines a family of spacelike 2-surfaces with constant radii in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. There exists a critical radius r* below which, the Wang and Yau quasi-local energy has yet to be explored. In this region, the results of this thesis indicate that the Wang and Yau quasi-local energy yields complex values and is essentially equivalent to the previously defined Brown and York quasi-local energy. However, an application of their quasi-local mass is suggested in a dynamical setting, which can potentially give new and meaningful measures. In supporting this thesis, the development of a novel adiabatic isometric mapping algorithm is included. Its purpose is to provide the isometric embedding of convex 2-surfaces with spherical topology into Euclidean 3-space necessary for completing the calculation of quasilocal energy in numerical relativity codes. The innovation of this algorithm is the guided adiabatic pull- back routine. This uses Ricci flow and Newtons method to give isometric embeddings of piecewise simplicial 2-manifolds, which allows the algorithm to provide accuracy of the edge lengths up to a user set tolerance. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Physics, June 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Physics, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Supervisors: Matthew William Choptuik and Philip J. Morrison. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-235). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63). Also available on the Internet.

Conformal holonomy theory is the holonomy theory of the tractor connection on a conformal manifold. In this thesis, we present the first application of conformal holonomy theory to theoretical physics and determine the conformal holonomy groups/algebras of physically relevant spaces. After recalling some necessary background on conformal structures, tractor bundles and conformal holonomy theory in chapter 1, we begin in chapter 2 by discussing the role of conformal holonomy in the gauge-theoretic MacDowell-Mansouri formulation of general relativity. We show that the gauge algebra of this formulation is uniquely determined by the conformal structure of spacetime itself, in both Lorentzian and Riemannian metric signatures, through the conformal holonomy algebra. We then show that one may construct a MacDowell-Mansouri action functional for scale-invariant gravity, and we discuss a geometric interpretation for the scalar field therein. In chapter 3 we study a class of spacetimes relevant to Maldacena's AdS5=CFT4 correspondence in quantum gravity. It is well known that a Lie group coincidence lies at the heart of this correspondence: the proper isometry group of the bulk precisely matches the conformal group of the boundary. It has previously been proposed that the AdS5=CFT4 correspondence be extended to so-called Poincar e-Einstein spacetimes, which need not be as symmetric as anti-de Sitter space. We show that the conformal holonomy groups of the boundary and bulk furnish such a Lie group coincidence for 5-dimensional Poincar e-Einstein spacetimes in general. We completely characterise this boundary-bulk conformal holonomy matching for the Riemannian theory and present partial results for the Lorentzian theory. In chapter 4 we use the tools developed in the preceding chapters to further the classiification of the conformal holonomy groups of conformally Einstein spaces. Specifically, we determine the conformal holonomy groups of generic neutral signature conformally Einstein 4-manifolds subject to a condition on the conformal holonomy representation. Lastly, in chapter 5, we investigate the conformal holonomy reduction of the Fefferman conformal structures of residual twistor CR manifolds. A sufficient condition for reducible conformal holonomy is that the (Fefferman conformal structure of a) residual twistor CR manifold admit a parallel tractor. We show that this occurs if and only if the residual twistor CR manifold admits a Sasakian structure.