Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-175).

Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2003. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Numerous studies have presented physical and psychological benefits of meditation. Many of these are due to the so called Relaxation Response. In our study, we compared a concentrative meditation practice and a relaxation practice to investigate potential differences in the elicitation of the Relaxation Response. The study was performed during 12 weeks on 15 subjects employed by the Police Authority. We measured the subjective well-being, according to the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and by reading blood pressures. The descriptive analysis of the results, supports that the Relaxation Response is elicited by meditation and, although weaker, by physical relaxation. An elicited Relaxation Response is, however, maintained by relaxation. We also looked at the possibilities of introducing these practices in the work environment. There are several issues to deal with if the methods are to be applied in the work environment, mainly creating the time and place for the employees.</p>

We present a controlled microscopic study of hole dynamics in both a gapped and a gapless quantum spin liquid. Our approach is complementary to previous phenomenological works on lightly doped quantum spin liquids as we introduce mobile holes into the ground state of the exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb model. In the spatially anisotropic (Abelian) gapped phase of the model, we address the properties of a single hole [its internal degrees of freedom as well as its hopping properties], a pair of holes [their absolute and relative particle statistics as well as their interactions], and the collective state for a finite density of holes. Our main result is that the holes in the doped model possess internal degrees of freedom as they can bind the fractional excitations of the undoped model and that the resulting composite holes with different excitations bound are distinct fractional particles with fundamentally different single-particle properties and different experimental signatures in the multi-particle ground state at finite doping. For example, some hole types are free to hop in two dimensions, while others are confined to hop in one dimension only. Also, distinct hole types have different particle statistics and, in particular, some of them exhibit non-trivial (anyonic) relative statistics. At finite doping, the respective hopping dimensionalities manifest themselves in an electrical conductivity that is either approximately isotropic or extremely anisotropic. In the gapless phase of the model, we consider a single hole and address the possibility of a coherent quasiparticle description. Our main result is that a mobile hole has a finite quasiparticle weight which vanishes in the stationary limit. Although this result is obtained in terms of an approximate variational state, we argue that it is also applicable for the exact ground state of the doped model.

The dissertation deals with the psychological training of swimmers from the Jihlava junior swimming club, who regularly take part in top swimming events. The theoretical part describes the mental processes in sport, personality traits, sport training, optimizing of psychophysiological conditions of performance, psychological training of swimmers. The research part searched the initial state of psychological readiness of the group and designed the intervention program, which was subsequently processed. Research participants neither were engaged in psychological training, nor had any information about it. Some of them suffer from pre-start nervousness and they reveal a high level of activation together with physiological manifestations that can affect the results of the race. The intervention program was designed so as to compensate these effects and to optimally tune, concentrate and motivate the swimmer. The knowledge of psychological training was improved and its importance was increased.

Realizamos a caracterização elétrica de alexandrita (BeAl2O4:Cr3+), formas sintética e natural, através de medidas de Corrente de Despolarização Termicamente Estimulada (CDTE). Obtivemos evidências conclusivas do fenômeno de relaxação dipolar em ambos os tipos de amostra, e que as cwas experimentais devem ser ajustadas por urna distribuição contínua dos parârnetros de relaxação. Para a amostra sintética a banda de CDTE está centralizada em tomo de 179K e para as naturais em 187 a 195K. Utilizando o método de Havriliak-Negarni são necessárias duas distribuições continuas de Ea e &#9640 para ajustar as curvas experimentais, sendo que uma delas, em torno de 177 K, com Ea &#8773 0,56 e &#9640 &#8773 1,2x10-14s sente em ambos os tipos de amostras. As bandas de CDTE são atribuídas a dipolos do tipo impureza-vacância de oxigênio ou a deformação local da estrutura causada pela diferença de raio iônico entre os íons Cr3+ (0,615 &#197) e A13+(0,535 &#197). Também realizamos medidas de CDTE fotoinduzidas, onde as amostras são irradiadas com um laser sintonizado em comprimentos de onda entre 3373 e 676,4nm. Verificamos que as bandas de CDTE podem ser \"destruídas\" ou \"criadas\" com a incidência de luz com diferentes condições iniciais de polarização. Para ajudar a interpretação dos resultados de CDTE nós usamos outras técnicas de caracterização, tais como Absorção Óptica, Luminescência, Difração de Raios X e micro análises de EDX e WDX. Todas estas técnicas foram também aplicadas às amostras naturais após tratamentos térmicos consecutivos / We have done electrical characterization of natural and synthet ic alexandrite (BeAl2O4:Cr3+), usimg the thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique. We have obtained conclusive evidences of dipole relaxation in both kinds of samples. Besides, the experimental data must be fitted by a continuous distribution of relaxation parameters. For the synthetic sample, TSDC band has a peak about 179K and for natural samples, TSDC bands have peaks about 187K at 195K. Using Havriliak-Negami method, we need two continuous distributions of activation energy (Ea) and relaxation time constant (&#9640) to fit experimental data. One of these two curves, centered at 177K, is present for both kinds of sarnples and has Ea &#8773 0,56 e &#9640 &#8773 1,2x10-14s. T SDC bands are attributed to impurity-oxygen vacancy dipoles or local structure deforrnation caused by the dserence between ionic radius of Cr3+ (0,615 &#197) and A13+(0,535 &#197) ions. We have also carried out photo-induced TSDC, where sarnples are irradiated with a tunable laser with wavelength fiom 337.5nm to 676.5nm. We have observed that TSDC bands rnay be destroyed or created with illumination fiom daerent polarization conditions. To help the interpretation of TSDC results we have used other techniques of characterization such as optical absorption, luminescence, X-ray difliaction, besides EDX and WDX rnicroanalyses. All of these techniques were also applied to natural samples afier consecutive annealing

Neste trabalho é investigada a relaxação longitudinal da magnetização nuclear de água impregnada em pastilhas de pó de alumina (Al IND. 2 O IND. 3) com grau de pureza de 99,8%, objetivando a determinação do diâmentro de poro de uma espuma cerâmica do mesmo material a partir de medidas do tempo de relaxação longitudinal T IND. 1. O trabalho fundamenta-se no fato dos tempos de relaxação da magnetização nuclear T IND. 1 e T IND. 2, spin-rede e spin-spin respectivamente, de um fluido confinado em um meio poroso serem menores que tempos T IND. 1B e T IND. 2B para o mesmo fluido não confinado. Mediram-se os tempos T IND. 1 para graus de impregnação de água nas amostras entre 10 e 100% usando um espectrômetro montado a partir de módulos comerciais e de um gerador de pulsos desenvolvido no IFSC-USP. A partir dos tempos T IND. 1 e dos diâmetros de poro das pastilhas de pó, determinou-se o valor da relaxatividade longitudinal ou intensidade de relaxação superficial (mu IND. 1), um parâmetro que caracteriza a interface água-alumina nestas amostras. Usando o valor de (mu IND. 1) obtido para o pó e o tempo de relaxação T IND. 1 medido nas amostras de espuma cerâmica foi determinado o diâmetro de poro desta. Última, o qual é comparado com os valores obtidos com a microscopia eletrônica e com a injeção de mercúrio. O caráter não invasivo desta técnica em contraste com as outras, faz dela a única possível em algumas aplicações. / Nuclear magnetization relaxation of water imbibed on 99,8% purê alumina (Al IND. 2 O IND. 3) grain packs is investigated aiming to determine the mean pore diameter of ceramic foam pieces of the same material. The work rely on the shortening of the relaxation times T IND. 1 spin-lattice and T IND. 2 spin-spin of the nuclear magnetization of fluids confined on porous media as compared with their T IND. 1B e T IND. 2B bulk values. Relaxation times T IND. 1 were measured, using a spectrometer built from commercial modules and a pulse generator developed at the IFSC-USP, varying the content of water imbibed from 10 to 100%. The longitudinal relaxation (mu IND. 1), or surface sink strength, was determined from the measured T IND. 1 values and the mean pore diameter of the powder packs. This parameter characterizes the water-alumina interface of these samples. Using the (mu IND. 1) value from the powder and the relaxation times T IND. 1 measured on the ceramic foam pieces, the mean pore diameter of these samples were determined and are compared with the values obtained from mercury intrusion and electron microscopie. The non-invasive character of this technique distinguishes it from the other, making it the only possible in some applications.

Neste trabalho, utilizando técnicas magneto-ópticas, estudamos tempos de relaxação spin-rede (T1) do estado fundamental de centros \'F\' e, cristais de halogenetos alcalinos (KCl-KBr). Descrevemos um sistema semi-automático para medidas ópticas de T1, capaz de medir tempos de relação curtos (~1mS), baseado na medida do Dicroísmo Circular magnético (DCM) que apresentam aqueles sais quando portadores de centros paramagnéticos. Obtivemos a dependência de T1 com o campo magnético H (até 65 Kgauss), bem como os espectros de DCM para diferentes concentrações nas matrizes mistas. Uma teoria desenvolvida por Panepucci e Mollenauer (1) para matrizes puras, foi adaptadas para explicar a relaxação spin-rede nos cristais mistos. Os resultados obtidos para o processo direto (T~2.0 K), confrontados com auqela teoria, mostram que o mecanismo de relaxação dominante até 25 KGauss continua sendo a modulação por fônons da interação hiperfins entre o elétron \'F\' e os núcleos vizinhos. / Using magneto-optic techniques we have studied the ground state spin- lattice relaxation times (T1) of \'F\' centers in mixed Alkali Halide cristals (KCl-KBr). We describe a computer assisted system to optically measure short relaxation times (~1mS). The technique is based on the measurement of the Magnetic Circular Dicroism (MCD) presented by F centers. We obtained the T1 magnetic field dependency at 2 K up to 65 kGauss), as well as the MCD spectra for different relative concentration at the mixed matrices. The theory developed by Panepucci and Mollenauer for F centers spin-lattice relaxation in pure matrices was modified to explain the behavior of T1 in mixed cristais. The Direct Process results (T~2.0 K) compared against that theory shows that the main relaxation mecanism, Up to 25 kGauss, continues to be phonon modulation of the hyperfine interaction between \'F\' electrons and surrounding nuclei.