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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Relay-attacker : Utnyttjande av trådlösa bilnycklar

Marklind, Anton, Marklind, Simon January 2019 (has links)
Bilen är en av de saker som många människor använder dagligenoch för att underlätta användandet kommer det hela tiden nya funk-tioner som underlättar användandet. Ett exempel är trådlösa nycklar.Många moderna bilar använder en teknik som kallas för “keyless” vilketinnebär att bilnycklarna under intervaller sänder ut radiosignaler. Detger en möjlighet att inte behöva hålla i nyckeln när bilen ska användasoch bilägaren har det lättare att öppna bilen och lasta in saker, utanatt aktivt behöva använda nycklen.Men är det tillräckligt säkert med helt trådlösa nycklar? Signaler-na är öppen för alla som kan avlyssna dem. Signalerna mellan bil ochnyckel skickas trådlöst och obehöriga kan lyssna av innehållet. I dettaprojekt undersöker vi möjligheten att spela in signalen och därefterspela upp den igen i syfte att låsa upp en bil, utan tillgång till denverkliga nyckeln. Vi utför experiment på X fordon, med olika nycklaroch olika signalfrekvenser. Om det är öppet för alla borde det ock-så gå att spela in dessa signaler och sända ut dem med hjälp utaven radiosändare. Det kallas för en relay-attack och där kommer syftetmed detta arbete, nämligen en studie om hur attackerna går till ochhur enkelt det egentligen är att göra dem själva. Samt att ett experi-ment utförs på en mängd olika bilar med olika typer av bilnycklar medvarierande frekvenser. / On a daily basis the car is frequently used, and a lot of people arein need of their cars. New technologies are developed to make it easierfor car owners to unlock the car and drive away without making theeffort of using the car keys. A technology called “keyless” car keys areimplemented in modern cars, the car keys sends out radio frequenciesin an interval on a couple of seconds.But is a complete wireless key system secure enough? The radiosignals are open to whoever wants to listen to them, and that couldhave devastating consequences. If it is open to everyone, then it shouldalso be possible to record these signals and send them out using a radiotransmitter. It’s called a relay attack and the purpose of this report isto get broader perspective of how an attack like that works and howeasy it is to execute the attack. The experiment was performed ondifferent types of cars and their keys with varying frequencies.
2

Sécurisation d'un lien radio UWB-IR / Security of an UWB-IR Link

Benfarah, Ahmed 10 July 2013 (has links)
Du fait de la nature ouverte et partagée du canal radio, les communications sans fil souffrent de vulnérabilités sérieuses en terme de sécurité. Dans ces travaux de thèse, je me suis intéressé particulièrement à deux classes d’attaques à savoir l’attaque par relais et l’attaque par déni de service (brouillage). La technologie de couche physique UWB-IR a connu un grand essor au cours de cette dernière décennie et elle est une candidate intéressante pour les réseaux sans fil à courte portée. Mon objectif principal était d’exploiter les caractéristiques de la couche physique UWB-IR afin de renforcer la sécurité des communications sans fil. L’attaque par relais peut mettre à défaut les protocoles cryptographiques d’authentification. Pour remédier à cette menace, les protocoles de distance bounding ont été proposés. Dans ce cadre, je propose deux nouveaux protocoles (STHCP : Secret Time-Hopping Code Protocol et SMCP : Secret Mapping Code Protocol) qui améliorent considérablement la sécurité des protocoles de distance bounding au moyen des paramètres de la radio UWB-IR. Le brouillage consiste en l’émission intentionnelle d’un signal sur le canal lors du déroulement d’une communication. Mes contributions concernant le problème de brouillage sont triples. D’abord, j’ai déterminé les paramètres d’un brouilleur gaussien pire cas contre un récepteur UWB-IR non-cohérent. En second lieu, je propose un nouveau modèle de brouillage par analogie avec les attaques contre le système de chiffrement. Troisièmement, je propose une modification rendant la radio UWB-IR plus robuste au brouillage. Enfin, dans une dernière partie de mes travaux, je me suis intéressé au problème d’intégrer la sécurité à un réseau UWB-IR en suivant l’approche d’embedding. Le principe de cette approche consiste à superposer et à transmettre les informations de sécurité simultanément avec les données et avec une contrainte de compatibilité. Ainsi, je propose deux nouvelles techniques d’embedding pour la couche physique UWB-IR afin d’intégrer un service d’authentification. / Due to the shared nature of wireless medium, wireless communications are more vulnerable to security threats. In my PhD work, I focused on two types of threats: relay attacks and jamming. UWB-IR physical layer technology has seen a great development during the last decade which makes it a promising candidate for short range wireless communications. My main goal was to exploit UWB-IR physical layer characteristics in order to reinforce security of wireless communications. By the simple way of signal relaying, the adversary can defeat wireless authentication protocols. The first countermeasure proposed to thwart these relay attacks was distance bounding protocol. The concept of distance bounding relies on the combination of two sides: an authentication cryptographic side and a distance checking side. In this context, I propose two new distance bounding protocols that significantly improve the security of existing distance bounding protocols by means of UWB-IR physical layer parameters. The first protocol called STHCP is based on using secret time-hopping codes. Whereas, the second called SMCP is based on secret mapping codes. Security analysis and comparison to the state of the art highlight various figures of merit of my proposition. Jamming consists in the emission of noise over the channel while communication is taking place and constitutes a major problem to the security of wireless communications. In a first contribution, I have determined worst case Gaussian noise parameters (central frequency and bandwidth) against UWB-IR communication employing PPM modulation and a non-coherent receiver. The metric considered for jammer optimization is the signal-to-jamming ratio at the output of the receiver. In a second contribution, I propose a new jamming model by analogy to attacks against ciphering algorithms. The new model leads to distinguish various jamming scenarios ranging from the best case to the worst case. Moreover, I propose a modification of the UWB-IR physical layer which allows to restrict any jamming problem to the most favorable scenario. The modification is based on using a cryptographic modulation depending on a stream cipher. The new radio has the advantage to combine the resistance to jamming and the protection from eavesdropping. Finally, I focused on the problem of security embedding on an existing UWB-IR network. Security embedding consists in adding security features directly at the physical layer and sending them concurrently with data. The embedding mechanism should satisfy a compatibility concern to existing receivers in the network. I propose two new embedding techniques which rely on the superposition of a pulse orthogonal to the original pulse by the form or by the position. Performances analysis reveal that both embedding techniques satisfy all system design constraints.

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