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Evaluating the microstructure, mechanical and optical properties of novel multi-layered zirconia materials subjected to repeated firingKakooli, Homoud A. 02 August 2024 (has links)
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to fill these voids in the literature regarding the microstructure, mechanical and optical properties of multilayered zirconia subjected to repeated firing. It will aim to increase knowledge and understanding of this type of novel material, whether multilayered by chroma or composition.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The three materials examined are ZirCAD Prime by Ivoclar Vivadent, Origin Beyond+ Hybrid by B and D Dental Technologies, and Katana HTML by Kuraray Noritake. Beam-shaped specimens were sectioned to the correct size from discs of the three zirconia materials and subsequently cleaned, polished, and annealed. Ten specimens taken from each group were subjected to one, three, and five repeated firings, which were then used for the destructive flexural strength test using a universal testing machine. Another set of smaller specimens were produced and used for the non-destructive tests, prepared in the same manner as the other specimens, with 2 samples present in each group. These small specimens were examined for the following properties: contrast ratio and CIELAB measurements on a white and black background using a spectrophotometer, crystallographic phase changes using x-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
RESULTS: Repeated firings did not have any significant effects across all brands of materials for all tests conducted. However, significant differences existed between the different materials, and within their different layers for all tests conducted unrelated to repeated firing. Significant differences only existed in flexural strength depending on annealing, polishing status, type of polishing, and size independent of repeated firing. Annealing yielded weaker specimens than non-annealed, polished specimens were stronger than non-polished ones, automated polishing resulted in stronger specimens than manually polished ones, and smaller specimens were stronger than larger ones in terms of flexural strength.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, repeated firing has no significant effects on the various multilayered zirconia tested in this study. There is a significant difference in flexural strength between the materials studied. Significant differences in flexural strength also existed between specimens that were annealed versus ones that were not; and between specimens that were polished versus ones that were not. This study has increased knowledge regarding this novel material.
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