Como parte de um projeto de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) mais amplo, que está sendo desenvolvido pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos - USP e Companhia Paulista de Força Luz (CPFL), com previsão de conclusão para 2010, este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os principais procedimentos para a realização da repotenciação de linhas de subtransmissão de 34,5 KV para 69 KV. Para atingir esse objetivo, é realizada inicialmente uma apreciação do estágio atual dos estudos sobre o tema, abordando inclusive outros métodos além daquele que será objeto específico desse estudo. Em seguida, discutem-se tópicos relevantes dos métodos apresentados de forma que, esse estudo, além de cumprir o já mencionado objetivo específico de apresentar soluções para aumentar a capacidade de transmissão de uma determinada linha, mantendo a sua faixa de servidão, indicará parâmetros válidos para a realização de outros projetos da mesma natureza. Sequencialmente são apresentadas as etapas desenvolvidas para a operacionalização da repotenciação de uma linha, a começar pela escolha da mais adequada, a seleção do método a ser utilizado, levando-se em consideração tanto a alteração do limite térmico da linha quanto à elevação de sua tensão operativa e os aspectos ambientais que envolvem a repotenciação. Finalmente, fazendo uso dos softwares ATP, através da interface gráfica ATPDraw (empregado para as XIV simulações de transitórios eletromagnéticos) e do Flux®, para as simulações dos campos elétricos em torno dos isoladores, realizou-se um conjunto de simulações computacionais pertinentes para um bom conhecimento do funcionamento da linha de subtransmissão a ser repotenciada na classe de interesse. Todas as etapas e as conclusões preliminares sobre o assunto delineado serão apresentadas neste documento. / As part of a wider research and development project, which is being developed between Escola de Engenharia de São Paulo USP and Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz (CPFL), scheduled to be finished in 2010, this work aims to present the main procedures to perform a repowering on subtransmission lines from 34.5 KV to 69 KV. To achieve this purpose, an assessment of the current studies about the subject is carried out, including an approach of other methods besides the one which is going to be the specific object of this study. After this, relevant points about the main methods are discussed in such a way that this study, in addition to serve its specific purpose, that is to present solutions in order to increase the transmission capacity of a determined line, keeping its right-of-way, can also point out valuable parameters which can be used to develop other projects of similar nature. Sequentially, the steps followed to operationalize the line repowering are presented, starting with the choice of the most suitable line, the selection of the method to be used, and taking into consideration both the change in the line thermal limit and the elevation on its operating voltage and also the environmental aspects involving repowering. At last, making use of ATP software throughout ATPDraw graphical interface (which is used to simulate electromagnetic transients) and Flux®, that simulates electrical fields around insulators, it is carried out a set of computational XVI simulations which are relevant to a good knowledge of the line subtransmission running. All the steps and preliminary conclusions about the subject are going to be outlined on this document.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate different repowering alternatives from the viewpoint of increasing power production from existing offshore wind farms (OWF), as some of the first commissioned OWFs are approaching the end of their expected lifetime. The thesis presents a literature review of components and financial aspects that are of importance for repowering of OWFs. In the literature review, risks and uncertainties regarding repowering are also lifted and analysed. The thesis contains a case study on Horns Rev 1 OWF, where three different repowering scenarios are evaluated by technical and financial performance, aiming to compare the cost of repowering alternatives. The design of the case study is based around previous studies of offshore repowering having focused mainly on achieving the lowest possible levelized cost of energy (LCoE) and highest possible capacity factor, often resulting in suggested repowering utilizing smaller wind turbines than the existing ones. In order to evaluate the financial viability of repowering alternatives, the software RETScreen Expert was used to estimate the annual energy production (AEP) after losses and calculate the net present value (NPV) and LCoE for lifetime extension and full repowering utilizing different capacity wind turbines. Input values from the literature as well as real wind resource measurements from the site was utilized to achieve as accurate results as possible. The result of the case study shows that repowering of OWFs have the possibility of providing a very strong business case with all scenarios resulting in a positive NPV as well as lower LCoE than the benchmarked electricity production price. Although the initial investment cost of the different repowering alternatives presented in this thesis still are uncertain to some extent, due to the lack of reliable costs for repowering alternatives, this thesis provides a base for further research regarding the repowering of OWFs.