Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SAMANTHA RIBEIRO ULTRAMARI1.pdf: 1584078 bytes, checksum: 011cbc9e75c666c83cef25c8d4ba5163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research verifies through drawing the children’s opinion on the Long Stay Home for the Elderly, before and after ludic contact with the resident elderly. So as to better characterize the elderly population, a neuropsychological profile is outlined. This work was developed with 21 resident elderly and 61 children aged between 7 and 12, from public Primary and Secondary schools. It begins with verification trough drawing of the children’s opinion on Home for the Elderly. Then a ludic intervention with the participation of children and the elderly takes place: there are 10 encounters with symbolic games and rule games. Afterwards, the children’s opinion is re-evaluated and a neuropsychological evaluation of the elderly is done, making use of the Mini Mental State Exam, of the Scale of Geriatric Depression, of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and of the Katz Rate. In order to verify the children’s opinion expressed through drawing, the open title “Home for the Elderly is…” is suggested to be completed. The drawings are analysed based on the projective, based on the projective House-Tree-Person (HTP) test. The results show that from one application of the test to the other there was a change in the opinion of 67% of the children, manifested a more positive opinion, perceiving the elderly as more interactive and the Home for Elderly as more humanised, as expressed in more colourful drawings of houses with doors and windows, people smiling and moving, and affectionate messages. The negative aspects found consist of an increased number of bars and people drawn faceless, which way 0,19, on a scale of 0 to 1, on which the maximum positive value is 1. On the neuropsychological evaluation of the elderly, during MMSE, 50% have showed cognitive preservation. The other instruments indicate that most of the subjects present no depressive symptoms, emit positive opinions on their on health, take part of ludic activities and are dependant. This study, however, points out that the particularities of the researched institution, together with the realization of ludic activities, may have favoured the changes on children’s opinions after their contact with the home for the elderly. The study indicates the need of new research on the interaction of children and elderly people resident at nursing homes / Esta pesquisa verifica a opinião da criança por meio do desenho sobre o Lar de Longa Permanência para Idosos, antes e depois de contato lúdico com idosos institucionalizados. Para melhor caracterizar a população idosa, traça seu perfil neuropsicológico. Desenvolve-se junto a 21 idosos institucionalizados e 61 crianças com idades entre 7 e 12 anos, do Ensino Fundamental público. Inicia-se por verificar a opinião destas crianças sobre Asilo, por meio de desenho. Em seguida, realiza intervenção lúdica com crianças e idosos, de 10 encontros com brincadeiras simbólicas e jogos de regras. A seguir, reavalia a opinião das crianças e faz avaliação neuropsicológica dos idosos, por meio de Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, do Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) e do Índice de Katz. Para verificar a opinião das crianças expressa por meio do desenho, utiliza de um título em aberto “Asilo é...”, a ser completado. Eles são analisados com subsídios do teste projetivo House-Tree-Person (HTP). Os resultados demonstram que houve, de uma aplicação para outra, alteração na opinião de 67% das crianças, que manifestaram opinião mais positiva relativa a perceber os idosos mais interativos e o Asilo mais humanizado, por meio de desenhos mais coloridas, de casas com portas e janelas, de pessoas sorrindo e em movimento e de mensagens afetuosas. Como aspectos negativos, encontram-se maior número de grades e de pessoas desenhadas sem face, o que pode representar a percepção da criança da dificuldade de contato do idoso com o mundo externo. Na análise estatística, encontrou-se média geral de 0,34 e desvio padrão de 0,16, no primeiro desenho e, no segundo, média de 0,42 e desvio padrão de 0,19, com médias obtidas numa escala de 0 a 1, em que se considera positivo o valor próximo a 1. Na avaliação neuropsicológica dos idosos, no MEEM, 50% demonstram preservação cognitiva. Os demais instrumentos indicam que a maior parte deles não apresenta sintomas depressivos, emite opinião positiva com relação à própria saúde, participa das atividades lúdicas e é dependente. Este estudo ressalta contudo que as características da instituição pesquisada, juntamente com a realização de atividades lúdicas, podem ter favorecido a opinião das crianças após seu contato com o Asilo. O estudo indica a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre interação criança-idoso institucionalizado

Depuis les dernières années, les études démographiques montrent un vieillissement manifeste de la population nord-américaine, alors que les personnes âgées font les frais de nombreux stéréotypes et préjugés qui participent à leur marginalisation de la société. Nous postulons qu’une « culture gérontophobique » se développe et que les comportements âgistes sont intériorisés par les individus. Au sein de cette culture gérontophobique valorisant la jeunesse, la rapidité, l’efficacité, le refus et le rejet de la vieillesse et des « vieux », plusieurs options s’offrent aux personnes âgées; se conformer aux idéaux de jeunesse et de paraitre de la société actuelle ou les contester en assumant pleinement leur âge et leur corps. Ce mémoire est une étude des séries Society Portraits de Cindy Sherman et Pretty Ribbons de Donigan Cumming qui explorent différemment la représentation de l’âge et l’enjeu de la gérontophobie dans leur série photographique respective. Les études gérontologiques culturelles de Julia Twigg et Wendy Martin, les études féministes de Kathleen Woodward, Michelle Meagher et Judith Butler, ainsi que les théories photographiques d’Anca Cristofovici et Olivier Lugon, vont nous servir à l’analyse de ces deux attitudes opposées face à la vieillesse féminine, victime d’un double standard. Ce double standard dénoncé par Susan Sontag et les études gérontologiques féministes positionne les femmes âgées dans une impasse puisqu’elles sont aux prises avec les préjugés sexistes en plus d’être constamment sous la pression des apparences et de l’âgisme. Dans l’histoire de l’art et le régime des images artistiques, nous constatons un récent mouvement de revalorisation de la vieillesse et de l’expérience des personnes âgées et vieillissantes. De nombreux artistes cherchent à changer les perceptions négatives à l’égard de la vieillesse et remettent en question les préjugés gérontophobes qu’on leur porte. Ce mémoire vise à analyser en détail les images de Sherman et Cumming avant de se clore par une étude comparative de leur série et démontrer comment ce mouvement de revalorisation et de déconstruction des stéréotypes prend forme dans les images photographiques contemporaines. / In recent years, demographic studies have shown a clear aging of the North American population, while seniors face many stereotypes and prejudices that contribute to their marginalization from society. We postulate that a "gerontophobic culture" is developing and that ageist behaviors are internalized by individuals. Within this gerontophobic culture, which values youth, rapidity, efficiency, and the refusal and rejection of old age and "old people", several options are available to older people: conform to the ideals of youth and appearance of today's society or challenge them by fully assuming their age and their body. This dissertation is a study of Cindy Sherman's Society Portraits and Donigan Cumming's Pretty Ribbons series that differently explore the representation of age and the issue of gerontophobia in their respective photographic series. The cultural gerontological studies of Julia Twigg and Wendy Martin, the feminist studies of Kathleen Woodward, Michelle Meagher and Judith Butler, as well as the photographic theories of Anca Cristofovici and Olivier Lugon, will be used to analyze these two opposing attitudes towards old age for women who are victims of a double standard. This double standard, denounced by Susan Sontag and feminist gerontological studies, places older women in an impasse, as they are confronted with sexist prejudices, in addition to being constantly under the pressure of appearances and the cult of youth. In the history of art and the regime of artistic images, we see a recent movement to revalue old age and the experience of older and aging people. Many artists are seeking to change negative perceptions of old age and challenge gerontophobic assumptions about it. This thesis aims to analyze Sherman’s and Cumming's images in detail, ending with a comparative study of their series seeking to demonstrate how this movement to revalue and deconstruct stereotypes is taking shape in contemporary photographic images.