The following Master's thesis is proposing the analysis of five novels, written between 1988 and 1993, by five young Quebec writers. The object of this research is to study the representation of "generation X" in these five texts. The introduction of the thesis establishes the parameters of the "generation X", which comprises people born between 1959 and 1974. This definition constitutes the basis of our comparison between the concept of "generation X" and the main characters of the novels, who are "fictive" members of this generation. / The rest of the thesis includes three chapters, devoted to the following themes: the politic perception of young characters, their economic situation and their attitude toward society. Necessarily, our analysis also considers the difference of perception between "baby-boomers" (people born between 1944 and 1959) and "generation X". This comparison is essential because "generation X" defines itself in opposition with adults values and institutions: reject of political power and authority, reject of work, instruction and money, refusal to integrate society. / The main purpose of this analysis is to see how the present Quebec novel integrates, assimilates and thinks the socio-historic context where it takes place, and how it could possibly renew the forms and the style of Quebec novel in general.

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L'identification des stocks et la quantification de leur contribution relative au recrutement sont des objectifs majeurs pour améliorer la gestion et la conservation des espèces marines exploitées. Le séquençage de nouvelle génération permet d’analyser des milliers de marqueurs génomiques et d’apporter la résolution nécessaire pour répondre à ces questions chez les espèces marines qui sont faiblement différenciées. Le Flétan du Groenland (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) est un poisson plat largement exploité, particulièrement dans le golfe du St-Laurent, au Canada. On y retrouve 2 nourriceries connues, dont la contribution des juvéniles au renouvellement des différents stocks adultes reste inconnue à ce jour. Les buts de ce projet sont de i) déterminer la structure des populations de flétan du Groenland du Saint-Laurent et ii) d’estimer la contribution des différents stocks reproducteurs identifiés aux différentes nourriceries. Pour ce faire, nous avons échantillonné 100 juvéniles par nourricerie et 50 adultes de sites s’étendant du fjord du Saguenay jusqu’au large de Terre-Neuve, avec quelques sites échantillonnés sur 2 années consécutives pour évaluer la stabilité temporelle de cette contribution. Nos résultats montrent qu’après avoir retiré les marqueurs liés au sexe, la région de l’Estuaire/Golfe du Saint-Laurent forme une population distincte de l’Atlantique près de Terre-Neuve (Fst = 0.00146, p-value = 0.001). Les analyses d’assignation populationnelle montrent que le recrutement dépend largement du stock du Saint-Laurent. Par ailleurs, on retrouve une contribution variable du stock de Terre-Neuve, variant de 1% pour la première année à 33% pour la deuxième, ce qui suggère un transport interannuel de larves variable selon la force des courants profonds. Cette étude sert de modèle pour l’identification des stocks pour les ressources halieutiques, dans un contexte où le milieu marin offre peu de barrières à la dispersion, en plus de démontrer l’importance des marqueurs liés au sexe et des répliques temporelles en génomique des populations. / The identification of stocks and quantifying their relative contribution to recruitment are major objectives toward improving the management and conservation of marine exploited species. Next-generation sequencing allows to analyze thousands of genomic markers which provide the resolution needed to address these questions in marine species with weakly differentiated populations. Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) is one the most important exploited demersal species throughout the North Atlantic, and in particular in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. There, two nurseries are known, the St. Lawrence Estuary and the northern Anticosti Island, but their contribution to the renewal of stocks remains unknown. The goals of this study were i) to document the genetic structure and ii) to estimate the contribution of the different identified breeding stocks to nurseries. We sampled 100 juveniles per nursery and 50 adults from seven sites ranging from Saguenay fjord to offshore Newfoundland, with some sites sampled over two consecutive years in order to evaluate the temporal stability of the contribution. Our results show that after removing of sex-linked markers, the Estuary/Gulf of St. Lawrence represent a stock which is genetically distinct from the Atlantic around Newfoundland (Fst = 0.00146, p-value = 0.001). Population assignment showed that recruitment in both nurseries is largely predominantly associated with the St. Lawrence stock. However, we found that the relative contribution of both stocks to the nurseries is temporally variable with 1% contribution of the Newfoundland stock one year but up to 33% for the second year, which may hypothetically be caused by year-to-year variation in larval transport into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This study serves as a model for the identification of stocks for fisheries resources in a context where few barriers to dispersal occurs, in addition to demonstrating the importance of considering sex-linked markers and temporal replicates in studies of population genomics.