Spelling suggestions: "subject:"reproductive decision"" "subject:"eproductive decision""
1 |
Will highly educated women have more children in the future?Testa, Maria Rita 30 December 2017 (has links) (PDF)
"Will highly educated women have more children in the future?" In this contribution,
I address this question by looking at both fertility and fertility intentions; i.e., the
number of children people plan to have over their reproductive lives. Intended births are highly correlated with actual births, and in low-fertility settings, childbearing has become associated with the couple's agency.
On the other hand, education, which is a marker of income and social status, has remained an important driver of fertility choices. Hence, understanding the reproductive decision-making of women and men with low, medium, and high levels of education is crucial when seeking to determine whether - and if so, to what extent - there is scope for additional policy interventions aimed at raising fertility levels.
|
2 |
On the positive correlation between education and fertility intentions in Europe: Individual- and country-level evidenceTesta, Maria Rita 01 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Increasing shares of European women are making large investments in their human capital. Whether and to what extent these investments are in conflict with reproductive behaviour are issues that have repercussions for fertility levels. Using two Eurobarometer survey data (2006 and 2011) on individuals clustered in the 27 EU countries, I investigate the relationship between women's education and lifetime fertility intentions. Results suggest that a positive association between women's level of education and lifetime fertility intentions exists at both the individual and country levels, as well as in a micro-macro integrated framework. The main explanation for these findings - which remains to be proven by future research - is that, in institutional contexts allowing highly educated women to have large families, women of reproductive ages are more prone to make investments in both human capital and
family size, because these choices are not seen as incompatible alternatives. (author's abstract)
|
3 |
The educational gradient of fertility intentions: a meta-analysis of European studies.Testa, Maria Rita, Stephany, Fabian 30 December 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Unlike achieved fertility, fertility intentions are often positively correlated with education. However, the conditions under which such a positive relationship exists are not yet well known. Using 86 pieces of research covering 13 European countries that were published between 1990 and 2011, we assess in a quantitative manner the temporal and cross-country variation in the relationship between educational attainment and reproductive intentions. Because of the sequential nature of reproductive decisions and the gendered nature of each individual's life course, we look separately at childless women and women with one child, and compare women with men. Our findings show that both first and second birth intentions and educational attainment are positively correlated, but that this relationship - which is stronger for men than for women - tends to disappear when the normative value of a two-child family is reached. Structural labour market characteristics explain a good portion of the cross-country variance: the educational slope of first and second birth intentions is steeper in countries with large shares of women in vulnerable employment situations or in part-time employment, and is flatter in countries with gender-equal labour force participation and large shares of women in highly qualified employment.
|
4 |
A Novel Mixed-Methods Approach to Examine the Complexities of Reproductive Genetics Decision-Making from the Perspectives of Women and Genetic CounselorsCoşkun, Rebekah, Coşkun, Rebekah January 2017 (has links)
Background: This mixed-methods dissertation is multi-layered and exploratory in nature. It provides methodological contributions to the fields of evaluation and research methods by demonstrating how the root cause analysis (RCA) method can be utilized to evaluate program improvement and assist in the development of research questions and hypotheses. Additionally, it adds to the literature on reproductive genetics decision-making by contributing to the knowledge of this complex process. Research Aims: This dissertation includes the following three aims: 1) to illustrate how the RCA interview method can be a useful tool to improve programs that have not been implemented with fidelity; 2) to demonstrate how the RCA interview method can be adapted for research by elucidating research questions and hypothesis development processes; and 3) to glean information pertaining to reproductive genetics decision-making knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among genetic counselors and women who were pregnant and had reproductive genetic counseling. Methods: Mixed-methods research took place over a 13-month period in Arizona and across the U.S. between June 2015 and August 2016 among two separate groups. The qualitative research includes semi-structured, in-depth interviews with genetic counselors (n=22), and RCA interviews (n=9) with genetic counselors sampled from 12 southwestern and western states. The quantitative research comprised of piloting two survey instruments. Survey #1 for genetic counselors (n=22) and Survey #2 for women who had genetic counseling and were pregnant between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 (n=104). Results: The results by manuscript are: 1) RCA is a useful evaluation tool for evaluating program improvement when programs have not been implemented with fidelity; 2) RCA is a beneficial methodological approach for researchers for focusing areas of inquiry, generating research questions, and developing research hypotheses; and 3) Women with a master's degree or higher are more likely to have reproductive genetic testing than women with a bachelor’s degree or under. Women who received reproductive genetic testing had significantly higher genetic testing knowledge scores than women who did not have genetic testing. Women who held a master's degree or higher had significantly higher genetic testing knowledge scores than women with a bachelor’s degree or under. Conclusions: RCA is a flexible and adaptive tool that works well for evaluation and research purposes. Reproductive genetic testing is a complex field that is rapidly changing, and there are significant differences in knowledge among women facing testing decisions calling for tailored interventions around genetic testing literacy. Recommendations: Evaluators and researchers alike should be aware of RCA as a useful methodological tool that they can use to help evaluate program improvement as well as facilitate the process of developing research questions and hypotheses. Genetic literacy interventions and decision-making resources must take into consideration the role education has on genetic testing decisions as well as its part in understanding the appropriateness, benefits, and limitations of specific genetic tests. This research further advocates for women to have access to certified genetic counselors to tailor the information to meet the individuals' needs in order to promote informed, autonomous genetics decision-making.
|
5 |
The reproductive decision-making of lesbian women : a feminist poststructuralist analysis of gendered discoursesOrdman, Janine Joy January 2016 (has links)
The study explores the reproductive decision-making of eight self-identified lesbian women in same-gendered relationships as it is interested in the ways in which they construct their reproductive decisions, particularly as it relates to their gender. Four open-ended, semi-structured, joint interviews were conducted with couples who have already made the decision to parent, thereby offering retrospective accounts. Interview transcriptions were analysed by employing thematic analysis underpinned by principles of Foucauldian discourse analysis and rooted in a feminist poststructuralist theory. Three discursive themes are identified in participants' accounts namely: 1) the discourse of heterosexual gender roles; 2) the discourse of heteronormative parenting; and 3) the counter-discourse of parental responsibility and the responsible parent. In a context where lesbian mothers' reproductive decisions are often called into question and where lesbian mothers' parental roles are constructed according to gender binaries, the study concludes that in exercising their limited agency within restrictive heteronormative discourse, participants made their reproductive decisions based on their ability to care for a child in terms of pragmatic factors, their capacity to meet the child's emotional needs and to protect them from potential "othering" by segments of the society. The findings of this study carry implications for addressing the marginalisation and stigmatisation of lesbian women who wish to become parents and raise their children without having to justify their decisions purely because of their sexual identity. / Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted
|
6 |
The Role of Inheritance Knowledge in Reproductive Decision Making Among Young Adults with Osteogenesis ImperfectaBaird, Leanne 24 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.
|
7 |
The Impact of Genetic Carrier Testing in Reproductive Decision-Making: FMR1 Testing in Women With Diminished Ovarian ReserveWalker, Elizabeth R., Clark, Myra L., Stelling, James, Timko, Michael P., Pastore, Lisa M. 01 January 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Background: This study examined how FMR1 genetic testing impacts the reproductive decision-making of women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).
Methods: 120 women clinically diagnosed with DOR (elevated FSH and/or low AMH and/or low at trial follicle count, with regular menses), and without a family history of fragile X syndrome, received fragile X genetic testing (FMR1) and completed pretest questionnaires. A subset (n=7) were interviewed pretest. Surveys and interviews were analyzed separately and then integrated using sequential explanatory mixed methods.
Results: Approximately50% regarded carrying the FMR1 pre mutation as a serious condition, while 37.5% had a neutral position. Women were significantly more likely to be upset about being a carrier if they perceived the FMR1 pre mutation to be a serious condition (p< 0.01).Interviews reflect several inheritance concerns (immediate next generation, future generations, and extended family members) and the impact the test results might have on their future reproductive decisions.
Discussion: These qualitative/quantitative responses indicated that FMR1 screening (1) informed DOR patients’ view of an infertility diagnosis (2) prepared them for potential health consequences in future offspring and (3) impacted their future reproductive decisions.
|
8 |
Childlessness in Australian women: by choice?McKay, Heather Jean January 2008 (has links)
In Australia, as in other industrialised countries, rates of childlessness amongst women are rising. This has been attributed, in part, to a rise in the number of women choosing never to give birth; however, women’s perception of what constitutes choice in remaining childless is under-investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate Australian women’s experience of childlessness at mid age and explore the role of choice in this reproductive outcome. It investigated the determinants of childlessness, considered the consequences of never giving birth, and explored how choice affects childless women’s evaluation of non-motherhood. / A cross-sectional study of the experience of never giving birth was conducted, which comprised two components. The minor component was a secondary analysis of survey data (collected in 1996) from the Women’s Health Australia (WHA) project. WHA is a longitudinal study which recruited a nationally representative sample of 14,099 women born between 1945 and 1952. These women are amongst the first to have lived all their reproductive lives since the introduction of the oral contraceptive. This study compared demographic characteristics, self-rated health, and life satisfaction between 1,069 mid-aged childless women (exclusive of known adoptive and step-mothers) and 12,643 of their peers who are mothers. It was found that at mid-age, childless women have higher levels of education and are more extensively engaged in the paid workforce than mothers, however, there were no differences in health status between mothers and childless women. Life satisfaction differences between the two groups are complex and mediated by marital status. / The major component of the investigation was a study-specific survey (October 2002) completed by 426 nulliparous women who were all participants in the mid-aged cohort of Women’s Health Australia. This component investigated the determinants of childlessness, the role of choice, and the experience of non-motherhood. / In contrast to existing studies into childlessness, this large quantitative investigation has a sample which comprises a broad selection of nulliparous women irrespective of their marital status, medical history, or level of choice in never giving birth. Using an original classification system, women were categorised into three childless groups which describe three levels of choice in never giving birth: 37.1% of respondents chose childlessness actively (Active Choice), 15.4% chose childlessness given their personal circumstances (Constrained Choice), and 47.5% felt denied the opportunity to give birth (Denied Choice). The predominant reason for childlessness amongst the Active Choice women was not experiencing a strong ‘maternal instinct’, the Denied Choice group mainly cited infertility or the lack of a husband/partner, whilst the Constrained Choice group gave a mixture of voluntary and involuntary explanations. / This study developed a balance sheet approach to assessing both the positive and negative aspects of non-motherhood – the Consequence of Childlessness Balance Sheet (CCBS). It also introduced a technique for measuring ambivalence that was developed within social psychology. In contrast to the public discourse that depicts childlessness as a negative life outcome, participants in this study gave a favourable evaluation of their lives. Even so, more than half (55.6%) of the participants experienced moderate levels of ambivalence. Comparisons between the three childless groups revealed that as choice increased participants were more likely to give a higher rating to the positive aspects of their lives, a lower rating to the negative ones, and experience lower levels of ambivalence. However, Denied Choice women generally did not find childlessness a devastating experience. / Therefore, amongst the mid-aged participants in this study the experience of childlessness was complex and diverse, varying with the level of choice women had in never giving birth. Childlessness was not, however, a burdensome or detrimental life outcome for these women.
|
9 |
軍公教從業身份對生育決策的影響 / The impacts of the employment of civil servant on reproductive decision in Taiwan李聖水, Lee, Sheng Shui Unknown Date (has links)
本文使用行政院主計處發布的民國99年度「臺灣地區婦女婚育與就業調查」,研究完成生育的樣本其軍公教從業身分對於生育決策的影響,探討生育的四個面向,包括有無生育子女、生育子女數、結婚至生第一胎的間隔和第一胎至第二胎的生育間隔,其中有無生育子女、結婚至生第一胎的間隔和第一胎至第二胎的生育間隔在實證分析上採用二元邏輯斯特迴歸模型(Binary Logistic Model),生育子女數則是採用順序邏輯斯特迴歸模型(Ordered Logistic Model)與卜瓦松迴歸模型(Poisson Regression Model)分析。迴歸結果顯示(1)配偶的從業身分為軍公教人員,相較於其他從業身分,有子女的機率較高,(2)婦女的從業身分為軍公教人員,相較於其他從業身分,生育子女數會較多,(3)配偶的從業身分為軍公教人員,相較於其他從業身分,第一胎至生第二胎的間隔會較短,而從業身分為軍公教人員的結婚至生第一胎之間隔會較短,則未從實證上獲得驗證。 / Using the data “Survey of Women's Marriage, Fertility and Employment of 2010 in Taiwan” conducted by DGBAS in this context, we want to realize how the women or their spouses who are civil servants will make their reproductive decisions. Moreover, we are concerned about whether they have children or not, their number of children, their intervals between the marriage and the first birth, and their intervals between the first birth and the second birth.
In order to know whether they have children or not, their intervals between the marriage and the first birth, and their intervals between the first birth and the second birth, applying Binary logistic model to analysis them. Furthermore, we also apply Ordered logistic model and Poisson regression model to resolve how to make the decision of quantity of children.
The empirical results show if the spouses are public servants, there is more probability in having children and short intervals between the first birth and the second birth. They also have more children than the other people. Besides, if the women are civil servants, they have more children than the other people.
However, we can’t prove if the women or their spouses are civil servants, they have more probability in short intervals between the marriage and the first birth from this empirical analysis.
|
10 |
Identification des besoins décisionnels des couples porteurs de maladies héréditaires raresFrigon, Marie-Pier 11 1900 (has links)
Depuis 2018, une offre de tests de porteurs pour quatre maladies héréditaires récessives (l’acidose lactique congénitale, l’ataxie récessive spastique de Charlevoix-Saguenay, la neuropathie sensitivomotrice avec ou sans agénésie du corps calleux et la tyrosinémie héréditaire de type 1) reconnues pour être plus prévalentes dans certaines régions de la province de Québec est disponible. Les couples porteurs de maladies héréditaires font face à un processus décisionnel important concernant leur planification familiale qui peut devenir une importante source d’inconfort et de possibles regrets. L’objectif de ce projet était de décrire les besoins décisionnels des couples porteurs de l’une ou l’autre de ces quatre maladies, guidés par le modèle d’aide à la décision d’Ottawa. Pour ce faire, une étude qualitative descriptive a été effectuée. Des entrevues semi-dirigées individuelles et en couple ont été faites auprès de 39 individus porteurs ainsi que 11 professionnelles de la santé et des services sociaux. Les besoins décisionnels identifiés par les participants de l’étude incluent l’inconfort décisionnel, les rôles dans la prise de décision, les étapes de la prise de décision, la nature dynamique du processus décisionnel et les réseaux de soutien disponibles. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence une augmentation de l’inconfort décisionnel, particulièrement pour les couples porteurs de l’ataxie récessive spastique de Charlevoix-Saguenay et de la tyrosinémie héréditaire de type 1. À la lumière de ces résultats, des outils d’aide à la décision seront développés afin de répondre aux besoins des couples porteurs de maladies héréditaires récessives. / A national carrier screening program for four recessive diseases (Leigh syndrome, autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with or without agenesis of the corpus callosum and hereditary tyrosinemia type 1) known to be relatively more prevalent in some parts of Quebec province is available since 2018. Carrier couples face an important decision-making process regarding their familial planning that can become a significant source of discomfort and potential regrets. Our study aimed to describe the decisional needs of couples carriers of one of the four recessive disorders according to the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted, and qualitative individual and joint couple interviews were performed among 39 carrier individuals and 11 health and social care professionals. Decisional needs reported by the participants of this study included decisional conflict, roles in decision-making, decisional stages, dynamics of the decision-making process and available support. Decision-making process of all four disorders, but particularly autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay French-Canadian and hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 carriers, was associated with increased decisional conflict. Considering these results, patient decision aids will be designed to meet the needs of carrier couples.
|
Page generated in 0.2238 seconds