Information on the overall health risk behaviors of college students is limited and it is unknown if being enrolled in an elective or a required health course affects behavior change among the students. There are mixed reports on whether or not health education courses affect behavior change. Factors that may affect change are self-efficacy and the constructs that build the Health Belief Model (i.e. perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers). A sample of convenience was gathered for the current study using two universities in the state of Virginia. Virginia Tech students within the sample were enrolled in an elective health course (n = 375) and James Madison University students within the sample were enrolled in a required health course (n = 202). The National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS) and the Self-Efficacy Scale survey were used to gather information on overall health risk behaviors, health behavior changes, and self-efficacy levels of the students. To acquire health behavior change data, the NCHRBS was administered at the beginning of the Fall 2003 semester and again at the end of the semester. The results of the study indicated that, overall, the type of course a student was enrolled in and self-efficacy did not have a significant effect on health behavior change. However, possible trends were identified with alcohol use, tobacco use, and dietary behaviors, indicating that further research should be performed to analyze underlying factors, not analyzed in this study, which may be affecting health risk behaviors. / Ph. D.