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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo da din?mica de secagem em um secador rotat?rio com alimenta??o intermitente / Dynamic study of drying in rotary dryer operating with feed intermittent

Moura, Br?ggida Dantas de 15 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-12-29T17:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BriggidaDantasDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 2291552 bytes, checksum: 2fb9f82bd1437c5af48a519b0910e04e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-02T19:38:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BriggidaDantasDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 2291552 bytes, checksum: 2fb9f82bd1437c5af48a519b0910e04e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-02T19:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BriggidaDantasDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 2291552 bytes, checksum: 2fb9f82bd1437c5af48a519b0910e04e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A crescente atividade industrial de beneficiamento de polpas de frutas ? respons?vel pela gera??o de uma quantidade significativa de subproduto na forma de res?duos, constitu?dos basicamente de semente, casca e baga?o da fruta. Tais res?duos ainda s?o pouco aproveitados e o seu descarte direto pode resultar em preju?zos ambientais consider?veis. Portanto, ? de grande interesse cient?fico e tecnol?gico o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias para agregar valor econ?mico a estes res?duos. A secagem, por ser um dos processos mais utilizados na preserva??o de produtos aliment?cios, representa uma alternativa interessante de aproveitamento dos res?duos, podendo gerar um material com potencial aplica??o na forma de ingrediente para ra??o animal. Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo de secagem do res?duo de maracuj? atrav?s de um secador rotat?rio com recheio de inertes e fluxo concorrente, operando com alimenta??o intermitente do material. Diferentes condi??es de intermit?ncia e de temperatura do ar de secagem foram estudadas experimentalmente com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de resposta na sa?da do secador das seguintes vari?veis: umidade do s?lido; umidade do ar; temperatura do ar; e massa produzida cumulativamente ao longo da secagem. Tamb?m, um modelo matem?tico do processo foi implementado com o objetivo de descrever o comportamento de resposta din?mica nas condi??es estudadas. Tal modelo matem?tico foi escrito com base nos balan?os de massa e energia das fases s?lido e g?s (ar de secagem), resultando num sistema de equa??es diferenciais parciais (EDP), onde as vari?veis do processo (umidade e temperatura do s?lido e do g?s) s?o dependentes do tempo e do espa?o (dire??o da coordenada axial do secador). As propriedades fisico-quimicas e composicional do res?duo de maracuj? foram avaliadas e permitiram inferir importantes par?metros necess?rios ao modelo matem?tico. Testes iniciais de secagem em camada delgada demonstraram que a cin?tica de secagem apresenta uma caracter?stica de taxa constante, com constante de secagem dependente linearmente da temperatura. Um comportamento similar foi verificado no ajuste do modelo matem?tico do secador rotat?rio com os dados experimentais, onde se observou que a constante de secagem no termo de transfer?ncia de massa tamb?m apresentou forte correla??o com a temperatura de opera??o. De um modo geral, os valores calculados pelo modelo matem?tico acompanharam adequadamente a evolu??o de resposta de todas as vari?veis do processo, para todas as condi??es estudadas. Analisando-se a influ?ncia das condi??es operacionais em rela??o aos par?metros do modelo, observou-se que a dispers?o axial e a velocidade do s?lido foram influenciadas moderadamente pela intermit?ncia de alimenta??o, enquanto a constante de secagem e o coeficiente convectivo de transfer?ncia de calor foram fortemente influenciados pela temperatura. A partir do ajuste do modelo matem?tico do secador com as condi??es experimentais estudadas, simula??es explorat?rias foram feitas usando o modelo matem?tico em diferentes vaz?es de alimenta??o do material, tanto em regime cont?nuo quanto intermitente. O prop?sito principal com tais simula??es foi de avaliar qual a caracter?stica dimensional de projeto (L/Dc) do secador capaz de garantir uma melhor produ??o de material e que atenda uma especifica??o de umidade do produto. Tais resultados demonstraram a capacidade do modelo matem?tico para avalia??o dimensional de projeto b?sico, podendo ser tamb?m aplicado tanto na otimiza??o do processo quanto na implementa??o de estrat?gias avan?adas de controle. / The industrial fruit pulp processing is responsible for the generation of a significant amount of by-product in waste form, consisting essentially of seed, husk and rest of the fruit. These subproducts are still underutilized and their direct discard may result in considerable environmental damage. Therefore, it is of great scientific and technological interest to develop strategies able to add economic value to these waste. Drying is one of the processes most used for preservation of food products and represents an alternative for use in fruit waste. Drying processes can produce materials with potential application, mainly in form of ingredient for animal food. In this work, a drying study of passion fruit waste was performed using a rotary dryer containing inert loading and operating in concurrent flow with intermittent feed of material. Different experimental conditions were studied for intermittent material feed and air temperature, in order to evaluate the response behavior at the dryer outlet, verifying the following variables: moisture content of material; air absolute humidity; air temperature; mass (produced cumulatively during drying). Also, a mathematical model of the process was developed and implemented in order to describe the dynamic response characteristics in the studied conditions. This mathematical model was written based on microscopic balance of mass and energy for solid and gas phases, resulting in partial differential equations (PDE), where the process variables (temperature and moisture for solid and gas) are dependent on the time and space. Some physicochemical and compositional properties of passion fruit waste were evaluated, allowing to infer important parameters for the mathematical model. Drying in thin layer showed that the drying kinetics presents a characteristic of constant rate dependent linearly with the drying temperature. A similar behavior was observed in fitting the mathematical model of rotary dryer with the experimental data. It was noted that the drying constant for the mass transfer term also presented a strong correlation with the operating temperature. In general, the values calculated by the mathematical model were adequate in respect to all response variables and for all conditions studied. Analyzing the influence of operating conditions with respect to the model parameters, it was observed that the axial dispersion and the velocity of the solid were influenced moderately by the feed intermittence, while the constant of drying and the convective coefficient of heat transfer were strongly influenced by the temperature. From the mathematical model adjusted with the experimental conditions, exploratory simulations were performed in both continuous and intermittent regime and assuming different conditions of flow for the material. The main purpose with such simulations was to investigate the dimensional design feature (L/Dc) of the dryer, able to ensure better production and to comply with a product moisture specification. These results demonstrated that the mathematical model is able to perform a dimensional evaluation in equipment design as well as it can be applied for process optimization and advanced process control.

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