The sequence stratigraphy, depositional systems and reservoir geology of the lower and middle Oligocene Frio Formation in the Red Fish Bay field, Nueces County, Texas, are examined based on 1,800 feet (548.6 m) of core, 28 wireline-logs and 30 mi2 of 3-D seismic data. The study interval is composed of an incomplete 3rd-order stratigraphic sequence with an incomplete lowstand systems tract (LST), a complete transgressive systems tract (TST) and an incomplete highstand system tract (HST). This 3rd-order succession is divided into 12 4th-order sequences with average thickness of 150 feet (45.7 m). The lowstand system tract (LST) from 4th-order sequence 1 to 4th-order sequence 7 displays an aggradational stacking pattern in cross-sections. The regressive part of each 4th-order sequence has an upward-coarsening trend that reflects a transition of depositional environments from offshore to lower, middle and upper shoreface. The transgressive part of each 4th-order sequence exhibits an upward-fining trend, commonly associated with backstepping cycles composed of shoreface, washover-fan, and back-barrier lagoonal deposits. Sandstone maps of 4th-order sequence and stratal-slice maps from 3-D seismic data within 3rd-order lowstand system tracts display a strike-elongate geometry, indicating wave-dominated depositional systems. The 3rd-order transgressive system tract (TST) displays a retrogradational stacking pattern in cross-sections. The overall upward-fining trend records water deepening during transgression, interpreted as a transition from lower-shoreface to shelf environments. The 3rd-order highstand system tract (HST) from 4th-order sequence 8 to 4th-order sequence 12 displays a progradational stacking pattern in cross-sections. It is upward-coarsening and upward-thickening, indicating a transition from to distal- to proximal-shoreline setting. The geometry of framework sandstone bodies, inferred from gross-sandstone and stratal-slice maps is relatively lobate, suggesting a wave-modified deltaic system. The sandstone body continuity is very good and heterogeneity is very low within shoreface or wave-dominated deltaic systems in LST and HST sequences in Redfish Bay. Sandstone thickness expands towards the growth fault, owing to structurally controlled accommodation, but is thicker in the southwest part of study area, where it is controlled by paleogeomorphology, related to the presence of a deltaic depocenter. The sandstone body thickness of each 4th-order sequence is as much as 240 ft (73.2 m) and commonly ~100 ft (30.5 m) in average. Sandstone development in the study succession is controlled by the sequence stratigraphic context, and modification by depositional processes. The average porosity and permeability of study interval are 19.4% and 33.6 md respectively. Lithology is the main control on porosity and permeability. Sedimentary and biogenic structures also modify grain-size sorting, indirectly affecting porosity and permeability. Reservoir quality in LST is higher than that in the HST, as the depositional environment in LST is within proximal-delta-front facies, whereas in the HST is within distal-delta-front facies. Reservoir quality varies greatly within each 4th-order sequence, owing to different levels of intensity in bioturbation per each sandstone bed. / text

With burgeoning world demand and a limited rate of discovery of new reserves, there is increasing impetus upon the industry to optimize recovery from already existing fields. 4D, or time-lapse, seismic imaging is an emerging technology that holds great promise to better monitor and optimise reservoir production. The basic idea behind 4D seismic is that when multiple 3D surveys are acquired at separate calendar times over a producing field, the reservoir geology will not change from survey to survey but the state of the reservoir fluids will change. Thus, taking the difference between two 3D surveys should remove the static geologic contribution to the data and isolate the timevarying fluid flow component. However, a major challenge in 4D seismic is that acquisition and processing differences between 3D surveys often overshadow the changes caused by fluid flow. This problem is compounded when 4D effects are sought to be derived from vintage 3D data sets that were not originally acquired with 4D in mind. The goal of this study is to remove the acquisition and imaging artefacts from a 4D seismic difference cube using Curvelet processing techniques.

Orientador: Emilson Pereira Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cataldo_RafaelAmaral_M.pdf: 3826932 bytes, checksum: 2389a2a5e78d7644118f034812b852e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa mostra a aplicação do método de inversão simultânea em dados sísmicos pré-empilhamento em um campo de petróleo localizado na Bacia de Campos, Brasil. Este método tem sido utilizado com sucesso em diversos reservatórios areníticos em várias regiões do mundo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de avaliar e estudar a aplicação deste método em rochas carbonáticas albianas da Formação Quissamã. Com base em descobertas em campos próximos, esta Formação tem o potencial de possuir acumulações de hidrocarbonetos que podem ser revelados com o auxílio de modelos de inversão. Curvas de velocidades de ondas P (Vp), S (Vs) e densidade (?) ao longo de sete poços serviram como parâmetros de entrada para a construção de modelos iniciais tridimensionais. Os poços que não continham curvas de Vs e densidade foram calculados através de equações estabelecidas junto a literatura disponível. Assim, foram realizadas análises dos resultados da inversão ao longo dos poços. Com o intuito de criar os modelos iniciais de inversão, foram usados dados de impedâncias das ondas P (Zp), S (Zs) e ? ao longo dos poços. Os modelos tridimensionais finais foram calculados a partir dos desvios das relações lineares entre os logaritmos de Zs e Zp, assim como entre ? e Zp, os quais foram combinados com os modelos iniciais. Foram testados e analisados diversos parâmetros e filtros para a criação dos modelos iniciais e finais. As interpretações dos resultados da inversão foram conduzidas com base nos padrões encontrados em perfis de resistividade, raios gama, densidade, porosidade neutrão e sônico. Estas análises forneceram os critérios para selecionar os melhores modelos finais que são discutidos em detalhe. Os modelos finais mostram anomalias de baixa impedância consistentes com os estudos realizados junto aos perfis dos poços. Além disso, de acordo com as interpretações, um poço em particular possui alto potencial para conter hidrocarbonetos. O padrão de distribuição de impedâncias neste poço foi utilizado como referência para a identificação de outras regiões com alto potencial, dentro de todo o volume sísmico pré-empilhado disponível / Abstract: We have applied a method of simultaneous inversion of prestack seismic data of a hydrocarbon field located in the Campos Basin, Brazil. This method has been successfully applied to several sandstone reservoirs around the world. The purpose of this research was to test and study the application of this method to Albian carbonate rocks of the Quissamã Formation. Based on what is found in near fields, this Formation potentially contains hydrocarbon accumulations that could be revealed with the help of the inverted models. P-wave velocity (Vp), S-wave velocity (Vs) and density curves along seven wells were used as inputs to construct 3D initial models of acoustic impedance (Zp), shear impedance (Zs) and density (?). Wells without Vs and ? curves had those values calculated from well-established equations available in the literature. Analysis of the inversion results along wells were carried out. Final 3D models were calculated from deviations in linear relationships between the logarithms of Zs and Zp, as well as between density and Zp, which were merged with the initial models. We have tested and analyzed several parameters and filters to create initial and final models. Interpretations of the inversion results were conducted based on patterns found in logs such as resistivity, gamma ray, density, neutron porosity and sonic along the wells. These analyses provided criteria to select the best final models that are discussed in detail. The inverted models show low impedance anomalies that are consistent with previous studies performed with the well logs available. Furthermore, one well in particular was interpreted as having high potential to contain hydrocarbons. This well shows an impedance pattern that allowed us to highlight other areas with the same pattern throughout the entire prestack seismic volume / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências