Examensarbete.

It is well documented in the literature that low-birth-weight (LBW) and prematurity are associated with a variety of developmental disabilities. Within this population of LBW children it is estimated that at birth, up to 45% of them experience intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Only recently has pediatric research begun to look at the potentially unique effects of IVH, and attempt to separate these out form the effects of LBW in general. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological differences that may occur in children with a history of mild or sever IVH, who are now approaching school age. The main objective was to determine whether children, ages 4 and 5, who were diagnosed with a mild IVH at birth would perform differently on a neuropsychological screening from children who were diagnosed with a severe IVH. Twenty-nine 4- and 5-year-olds born at the University of Utah Medical Center and Primary Children's Medical Center constituted the sample for this study. Potential children were identified through the medical records, where documentation of incident and severity of IVH was obtained. Descriptive medical data and documentation of other common sequelae of LBW was also obtained from the medical records. Parents of potential subjects were contacted from the respective medical centers, and interested parents were then contacted by the research team and included in the study. The children were tested on a variety of neuropsychological functions by trained examiners from the Early Intervention Research Institute at Utah State University and from the Neuropsychological Consultation Services in Salt Lake City, Utah. Analysis of this data was used in determining whether or not there were residual differences in the performance of preschool-age children who have a history of IVH at birth. The results did not indicate significant difference between mild and severe IVH groups in performance on the neuropsychological assessment. Discriminant analysis showed no significant results which did not indicate that group membership could be predicted based upon test performance. Individual subtest analyses also did not indicate a significant difference in performance. Further analysis indicated significant relationships between the presence of other common sequelae of LBW/IVH such as seizure disorder and birth asphyxia, and the neuropsychological test results. Further research is needed to determine the reliability of these findings.

Cannabis use in the United States has generally increased over the past decade as more States have legalized recreational use. In conjunction with changes to the chemical makeup, which has made available cannabis more potent, the long-term effects experienced by cannabis users may have changed, and more individuals may be effected. The current study replicated the methods used in Schreiner & Dunn (2012) and Grant et al. (2003) to conduct a meta-analysis examining the neurocognitive effects of cannabis after abstinence lasting a period of at least 25 days. Previous research has found mixed results, with some studies finding significant differences between abstinent cannabis users and matched healthy controls, and others finding no evidence of significant differences. Results of the current meta-analytical study found no significant effects within the domains of overall effects, attention, forgetting/retrieval, learning, or verbal/language. Results identified a significant small effect size within the domain of abstraction/executive function. Results continue to add to the growing evidence there are no significant long-term neurocognitive effects associated with cannabis use.

Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami dirvožemio temperatūros, drėgnumo, kietumo, pH, humusingumo, azotingumo, fosforingumo, kalingumo įvairių organinių mulčių ir skirtingo storio sluoksnio liekamojo poveikio tyrimų duomenys. Darbo objektas – raudonojo burokėlio (Beta vulgaris var. vulgaris) pasėlis, kuris nuo 2010 m. nebuvo pakartotinai mulčiuotas. Darbo metodai: dirvožemio temperatūra buvo matuojama kas 10 dienų nuo gegužės 20 iki rugsėjo 30 dienos elektroniniu termometru dviejose laukelio vietose 0–10 cm dirvožemio sluoksnyje. Dirvožemio drėgnumas nustatytas taip pat kas 10 dienų, imant dirvožemio ėminius agrocheminiu grąžtu 0–20 cm dirvožemio sluoksnyje. Dirvožemio kietumas nustatytas pavasarį dirvai pasiekus fizinę brandą 0–25 cm sluoksnyje elektroniniu kietmačiu. Dirvožemio agrocheminės savybės nustatytos po burokėlių derliaus nuėmimo, imant ėminius 0–20 cm dirvožemio sluoksnyje. Dirvožemio analizės atliktos maisto žaliavų, agronominių ir zootechninių tyrimų laboratorijoje taikomais metodais. Dirvožemio pH nustatytas potenciometriniu metodu 1 N KCl ištraukoje, suminio azoto kiekis – Kjeldalio metodu, judriojo fosforo kiekis – CAL metodu, naudojant spektrofotometrą, judriojo kalio kiekis CAL metodu, naudojant liepsnos fotometrą. Humuso kiekis nustatytas – Tiurino metodu. Darbo rezultatai. Anksčiau įterpti organiniai mulčiai mažino dirvožemio temperatūrą, drėgmės išgaravimą ir kietumą. Dirvožemio temperatūra buvo esmingai (0,2–0,6 °C) mažesnė, o drėgnumas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master degree research paper provides research data of soil temperature, humidity, bulk density, pH, humusness, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, residual effect of various organic mulches and different mulch thickness layers. Object of the work – red beet culture (Beta vulgaris var. vulgaris), which has not been repeatedly mulched since 2010. Method of the work: soil temperature was measured every 10 days from May 20 till August 30 by an electronic thermometer in two places of a field at 0-10 cm soil layer. Soil humidity was as well measured every 10 days taking soil samples with agrochemical drill at 0-20 cm soil layer. Soil bulk density was determined in spring, when the soil reached physical maturity at 0-25 cm layer by an electronic hardness meter. Agrochemical properties of the soil were established after beetroot reaping taking samples at 0-20 cm soil layer. Soil analysis was conducted using methods applied in food raw materials, agronomical and zootechnics research laboratory. Soil pH was established by potentiometer in 1 N KCl extract, total nitrogen amount – by means of Kjeldal method, labile phosphorus amount – by means of CAL method using spectrophotometer, labile potassium amount – by means of CAL method using flame photometer. Humus amount was established by means of Tiurin‘s method. The results of work. Earlier introduced organic mulches have decreased soil temperature, humidity evaporation and bulk density. Soil temperature was considerably lower (0... [to full text]

Dviejų veiksnių mulčiavimo tyrimai buvo vykdyti 2004 – 2009 m. Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto Pomologiniame sode. 2010 m. tirtas organinių mulčių liekamasis poveikis. Visuose laukeliuose eilutėmis augintas valgomojo svogūno (Allium cepa) pasėlis. Atstumas tarp eilučių - 0,5 m. Nevartotos trąšos ir cheminės augalų apsaugos priemonės. Norint išsiaiškinti greitesnį organinių mulčių poveikį dirvožemio savybėms ir augančių augalų pasėliams, nuo 2004 m. nevartotos trąšos ir cheminės augalų apsaugos priemonės. Tyrimų variantai – veiksnys A - skirtingi organiniai mulčiai: Al - nemulčiuota (NE), A2 - šiaudai (ŠD), A3 - durpės (DU), A4 - pjuvenos (PJ), A5 - smulkinta žolė (ŽO), veiksnys B - mulčio sluoksnio storis: Bl - 5 cm, B2 - 10 cm. Pradinis bandymo laukelio ilgis 6 m., plotis 2 m., plotas 12 m2. Apskaitinio laukelio ilgis 5 m., plotis 1 m., plotas 5 m2. Variantai pakartojimuose išdėstyti rendomizuotai. Pakartojimai išdėstyti dviem eilėmis. Bandymas vykdytas 4 pakartojimais. Nustatyta, kad anksčiau įterpti organiniai mulčiai esmingai nepakeitė dirvožemio temperatūros, tačiau esmingai didino dirvožemio drėgnumą. Storesnis mulčio sluoksnis turėjo tendenciją didinti dirvožemio temperatūrą ir dirvožemio drėgnumą. Ilgametis organinių mulčių įterpimas esmingai nepakeitė dirvožemio pH, tačiau dirvožemio azotingumą esmingai didino šiaudų mulčias, o fosforingumą ir kalingumą esmingai didino šiaudų ir žolės mulčiai. Vegetacijos periodo metu piktžolių dygimas kito nevienodai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Two factors mulching studies were carried out 2004 - 2009 in Lithuanian University of Agriculture Pomology garden. 2010 studied the residual effect of organic mulch. All lines grown in the fields of edible onion (Allium cepa) crops. The distance between the lines – 0,5 in Unused fertilizer and chemical plant protection measures. To find out more rapid organic mulches on soil properties and crop-growing plants since 2004 unused fertilizer and chemical plant protection measures. Study options - a factor - the different mulches in Al – no mulching (N) A2 - straw (ND), A3 - peat (DU), A4 - sawdust (PJ), A5 - minced herb (ZO), factor B - mulch thickness: BL - 5 cm, B2 - 10 cm. Initial field testing of length 6, width of 2, an area of 12 m2. Accounting field, length 5 m, width 1, the area 5 m-2. Variants rendomizuotai reps out. Reps set in two rows. The test is carried out by four repetitions. It was found that mulches before insert substantially changed the soil temperature, but substantially increased soil moisture. A thicker layer of mulch tended to increase soil temperature and soil moisture. Insert a long-time organic mulch on soil pH did not change substantially, however, substantially increased the soil nitrogen content of straw mulch, phosphorus and potassium and substantially increased the straw and grass mulches. During the growing season germination of weeds did not move. Short-emergence weed mulches had previously used sedative. Promoted the regeneration of perennial... [to full text]

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