No description available.

No description available.

Evidence that recoilless emission and absorption exist may be shown by an experiment in which the source gamma rays are allowed to pass through a suitable absorber to a detector.

Resonance fluorescence from solid state devices have been motivated by the capability to obtain a bright source of antibunched and indistinguishable photons from a semiconductor chip. Such a photon source would be a strong candidate for applications in the quantum information field. In this thesis, an experimental setup to obtain high signal to noise resonance fluorescence from a single quantum dot is first presented. I then discuss the photon statistics, power spectrum, second-order correlation function and two-photon interference of the stream of resonance fluorescence. Particular emphasis is placed on a throughout investigation of spectral fluctuations caused by charge noise and Overhauser field generated by fluctuating nuclear spins in the quantum dot. In each case, it is found that noise can be overcome to generate single photons that exhibit high visibility two-photon interference. Finally, an interference effect caused by the interaction of a quantum dot and a nearby metal surface is presented. Preliminary analysis yields quantitative agreement with the data.

Cooperative effect in the radiation process has been studied in for more than half a century. It is important in the sense of both basic physics and applied science. In this work, we study the dynamics of the cooperative spontaneous emission from an ensemble of N atoms which is uniformly excited by absorbing a single photon. We reveal that there are two different regimes in which the system exhibits totally different behaviors. One of them is the superradiance type of behavior: the system decays much quicker than single atom decay, with a decay rate proportional to N(λ/R)2, where N is the atom numbers, R is the size of the atom cloud, and λ is the wavelength. We call it Markovian regime because the sytem does not persist memory effect. The other regime is called non-Markovian regime and the system oscillates with effective Rabi oscillation frequency while slowly decaying with a rate proportional to the photon escaping rate. The effective Rabi oscillation is a new type of dynamics which analogs well known Cavity QED behavior. Particularly in the Markovian regime, we study the system dynamics as a manybody eigenfunction and eigenvalue problem. For a dense cloud, we find analytical solutions for the eigenstates and corresponding eigenvalues, which can help to generally describe the system dynamics for any initial conditions in this regime. One of the applications is in atom microscopy. We propose a scheme to measure the distance between two atoms/molecules beyond diffraction limit. It covers the whole range from half the wavelength to sub-nanometers, utilizing both the atom localization technique and the collective frequency shift effect due to the cooperative effect in the radiation of the two atoms. Another application that we propose is to generate Coherent XUV radiation using Raman-type superradaince. We prove that intense short pulses of XUV radiation can be produced by Raman type superradiance from an ensemble of atoms/ions driven by visible or IR laser pulses.

No description available.

The kinetics of the pressure dependent O + SO2 + Ar reaction have been investigated using laser photolysis resonance fluorescence at temperatures of 289 K, 399 K, 581 K, 699 K, 842 K and 1040 K and at pressures from 30-665 torr. Falloff was observed for the first time in the pressure dependence. Application of Lindemann theory yielded an Arrhenius expression of k(T) = 3.3 x 10-32exp(-992/T) cm6 molecule-1 s-1 for the low pressure limit and k(T) = 8.47 x 10-14exp(-468/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the high pressure limit at temperatures between 289 and 842 K. The reaction is unusual as it possesses a positive activation energy at low temperature, yet at higher temperatures the activation energy is negative, illustrating a reaction barrier.

Apresentam-se os resultados dos primeiros experimentos com o novo acelerador de elétrons do Laboratório do Acelerador Linear (LAL) do Instituto de Física da USP, cuja primeira fase de montagem encontra-se concluída. Adicionou-se uma linha de irradiação ao projeto original do Microtron, que permite usar o feixe de elétrons com 1,9 MeV de energia do injetor. Espectros de bremsstrahlung de elétrons em alvos finos de Ag e Au, observados a 30o e 60o em relação ao feixe, foram medidos com um detector coaxial de HPGe, cujas dimensões, inclusive do orifício interno e da camada morta do cristal, foram determinadas por medidas experimentais e simulações de Monte Carlo com o código MCNPX, a fim de estimar a resposta do detector para a deconvolução dos espectros. As secções de choque de produção de bremsstrahlung foram medidas tanto para todo o espectro observado (100 1910 keV) quanto para a região próxima ao tip (1700 1910 keV). Os resultados na região do tip concordam com as previsões dos códigos MCNPX e PENELOPE. As causas das discrepâncias observadas para energias menores que 1800 keV são discutidas. Apresenta-se também o projeto de um sistema de medidas de Ressonância Fluorescente Nuclear (NRF) para o estudo de excitações dipolares dos núcleos com fótons de bremsstrahlung, que se pretende usar assim que a energia dos elétrons do Microtron alcance 10 MeV. O projeto desse sistema leva em conta as particularidades da instalação do acelerador e da sala de irradiação e busca minimizar a radiação devida aos fótons espalhados nas paredes e aos nêutrons produzidos em reações fotonucleares. O comportamento dos elementos que conformam o sistema de NRF: radiador, colimador, blindagem dos detectores e coletor do feixe de fótons foram estudados por simulação em função das suas características dimensões, formas, materiais com o código MCNPX. Com o projeto final do arranjo experimental, avaliaram-se as intensidades de NRF que serão observadas pelos detectores de fótons com um alvo de 27Al, típico nesse tipo de medições, que indica a viabilidade desse tipo de experimento com o Microtron. / The results of the first experiments carried out in the new electron accelerator of the Linear Accelerator Laboratory (LAL) of the Physics Institute of Universidade de São Paulo are reported here. A 1.9 MeV beam line, which allows the use of the injector beam for experimental physics, was added to the original accelerator design. Electron bremsstrahlung spectra for Ag and Au thin targets observed at 30o and 60o with respect to the beam direction were collected in a HPGe coaxial detector, whose dimensions, including crystal inner hole dimensions and dead layer thickness, were estimated by means of combined experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations with the MCNP code, to evaluate the detector response function to perform the deconvolution of the spectrum. Cross sections for bremsstrahlung yield were determined for the entire measured energy range (100 1910 keV) and for the tip region (1700 1970 keV). The results in the tip region are in agreement with MCNPX and PENELOPE predictions. The possible causes for the disagreement at energies lower than 1800 keV are discussed. The design of a Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) setup, aiming the study of dipolar excitations in nuclei with bremsstrahlung photons when the Microtron electron energy reaches 10 MeV, is also shown. The setup was designed with the characteristics of the Microtron building and facilities in mind, and searches to minimize the radiation caused by scattered photons and neutrons from photonuclear reactions. The behavior of the NRF setup elements: converter, collimator, detector shielding and photon beam dump, were studied by simulation as functions of their characteristics dimensions, shapes, materials using the MCNPX code. The spectral intensity to be observed by the photon detector in the designed NRF setup with a 27Al reference target, typical for NRF measurements, was assessed by simulation and shows the feasibility of this sort of experiment with the Microtron.

No description available.

Apresentam-se os resultados dos primeiros experimentos com o novo acelerador de elétrons do Laboratório do Acelerador Linear (LAL) do Instituto de Física da USP, cuja primeira fase de montagem encontra-se concluída. Adicionou-se uma linha de irradiação ao projeto original do Microtron, que permite usar o feixe de elétrons com 1,9 MeV de energia do injetor. Espectros de bremsstrahlung de elétrons em alvos finos de Ag e Au, observados a 30o e 60o em relação ao feixe, foram medidos com um detector coaxial de HPGe, cujas dimensões, inclusive do orifício interno e da camada morta do cristal, foram determinadas por medidas experimentais e simulações de Monte Carlo com o código MCNPX, a fim de estimar a resposta do detector para a deconvolução dos espectros. As secções de choque de produção de bremsstrahlung foram medidas tanto para todo o espectro observado (100 1910 keV) quanto para a região próxima ao tip (1700 1910 keV). Os resultados na região do tip concordam com as previsões dos códigos MCNPX e PENELOPE. As causas das discrepâncias observadas para energias menores que 1800 keV são discutidas. Apresenta-se também o projeto de um sistema de medidas de Ressonância Fluorescente Nuclear (NRF) para o estudo de excitações dipolares dos núcleos com fótons de bremsstrahlung, que se pretende usar assim que a energia dos elétrons do Microtron alcance 10 MeV. O projeto desse sistema leva em conta as particularidades da instalação do acelerador e da sala de irradiação e busca minimizar a radiação devida aos fótons espalhados nas paredes e aos nêutrons produzidos em reações fotonucleares. O comportamento dos elementos que conformam o sistema de NRF: radiador, colimador, blindagem dos detectores e coletor do feixe de fótons foram estudados por simulação em função das suas características dimensões, formas, materiais com o código MCNPX. Com o projeto final do arranjo experimental, avaliaram-se as intensidades de NRF que serão observadas pelos detectores de fótons com um alvo de 27Al, típico nesse tipo de medições, que indica a viabilidade desse tipo de experimento com o Microtron. / The results of the first experiments carried out in the new electron accelerator of the Linear Accelerator Laboratory (LAL) of the Physics Institute of Universidade de São Paulo are reported here. A 1.9 MeV beam line, which allows the use of the injector beam for experimental physics, was added to the original accelerator design. Electron bremsstrahlung spectra for Ag and Au thin targets observed at 30o and 60o with respect to the beam direction were collected in a HPGe coaxial detector, whose dimensions, including crystal inner hole dimensions and dead layer thickness, were estimated by means of combined experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations with the MCNP code, to evaluate the detector response function to perform the deconvolution of the spectrum. Cross sections for bremsstrahlung yield were determined for the entire measured energy range (100 1910 keV) and for the tip region (1700 1970 keV). The results in the tip region are in agreement with MCNPX and PENELOPE predictions. The possible causes for the disagreement at energies lower than 1800 keV are discussed. The design of a Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) setup, aiming the study of dipolar excitations in nuclei with bremsstrahlung photons when the Microtron electron energy reaches 10 MeV, is also shown. The setup was designed with the characteristics of the Microtron building and facilities in mind, and searches to minimize the radiation caused by scattered photons and neutrons from photonuclear reactions. The behavior of the NRF setup elements: converter, collimator, detector shielding and photon beam dump, were studied by simulation as functions of their characteristics dimensions, shapes, materials using the MCNPX code. The spectral intensity to be observed by the photon detector in the designed NRF setup with a 27Al reference target, typical for NRF measurements, was assessed by simulation and shows the feasibility of this sort of experiment with the Microtron.