The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of Texas Adult Protective Services (APS) case managers (CM) in regard to their relationships with the law enforcement community and area courts. The sample consisted of 138 Texas APS CMs. The survey measured respondents' perceived strengths and weaknesses of their relationships with both the law enforcement community and with area courts. Items also included respondents' interest in receiving additional training and their perceptions of level of job-readiness of newly hired APS CMs. Data were analyzed quantitatively using SAS. Findings of the survey revealed high ratings of perceived teamwork on the part of the CM are associated with high relationship ratings with both area courts and law enforcement. Findings also revealed that high ratings of perceived autonomy on the part of the CM are associated with lower relationship ratings with law enforcement personnel but not with area courts.

Privatization is defined as the sale of state-owned assets by governmental agencies to private investors (e.g., Megginson, Nash, Netter, and Poulsen, 2004; Villalonga, 2000). Research on privatization has focused on privatization techniques (e.g., share issue privatization or voucher privatization), social welfare, governmental commitments to economic development, and varieties of outcomes of privatizations. Most prior studies from the financial economics perspective take privatization as a natural research context to examine the function of capital markets, the impact of national institutional settings, and the differences between partial privatization and initial public offerings. Very little research, however, has examined the determinants of privatization from an organizational perspective. This dissertation proposes that privatization decisions of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are influenced by different interests in governmental agencies. Using the resource dependence theory, I studied the power relationships of SOEs and their governmental owners. Four panel databases of 206 pharmaceutical firms across eight years in China were combined to answer the research question of this dissertation: What is the role of power imbalance between different governmental owners in the privatization of an SOE? The results suggest that organizational effectiveness and efficiency of an SOE increase the likelihood of its privatization. Results also show that provincial governmental owners are more likely to privatize SOEs if they can successfully attract foreign direct investment projects. Furthermore, the likelihood of privatization increases with the power asymmetry between the provincial government and the central government but decreases with the degree of the defense mechanism used by SOEs.

Research Objective The purpose of this study is to profile market factors and organizational characteristics associated with community hospitals¡¦ vertical integration into a nursing facility through the lens of resource dependence. Data Sources Data for this study were drawn from three sources: the 2002 secondary data collected by Taiwan Community Hospital Association (TCHA) on a regular yearly basis; the 2001 secondary data compiled by Taiwan Association of Long-Term Care Professionals (TALTCP); and the 2002 area-based population data gathered by Department of Budget, Accounting, and Statistics (DOBAS) in local governments respectively. Study Design This study is a one-year cross-sectional design with community hospitals as the unit of analysis. A sample of 248 community hospitals was the focus of this study. Since the dependent variable is dichotomous, the logistic procedure was used to fit the regression. The analysis was performed using the statistics software, SPSS 10.0. Findings A higher ratio of the elderly, a high degree of competition, and the provision of dialysis and home care services spur community hospitals on to vertical integration into a nursing facility. Occupancy rate, the rehabilitative service, respiratory care service, high technology, the ratio of MDs to staffed beds, as well as the ratio of RNs and LPNs to staffed beds bear no reference to community hospitals¡¦ vertically integrating a nursing facility. Conclusion Not all community hospitals are equally good candidates for stepping into the avenue to nursing facility. Given the environmental factors, community hospitals situated in highly competitive district areas with a higher ratio of the elderly are more likely to vertically integrate a nursing facility. In terms of organizational factors, the provisions of dialysis service and home care service have a significant relationship with the likelihood of vertical integration.

The research has applied both Resource Dependence Theory and Institutional Theory to analyze the organization and the market factors that will influence the hemodialysis centers in adopting a strategic alliance, contracting with and choosing the number of strategic partners. The followings have been examined and analyzed: 1) the current trend of hemodialysis centers¡¦ strategic alliance, including variety of alliance partners, number of strategic alliance, and the degree of an alliance. 2) the factors that will cause hemodialysis centers to adopt a strategic alliance. 3) the factors that will affect the hemodialysis centers to contract with their strategic alliance partners. 4) the factors that influence centers¡¦ choosing alliance partner(s). Questionnaires and collection of secondary dada were conducted. The empirical analysis of the 219 valid questionnaires shows that hemodialysis centers¡¦ strategic alliance decision is influenced by coerce, normativeness and mimicry caused more by institutional environment than by resource environment. However, after an alliance has been adopted, the resource environment has more influence than institutional environment in deciding whether to contract with strategic partners. The research found the number of strategic alliance partners is not influenced by the resource or institutional environment factors. This research found both theories play different roles at the different stages of adopting strategic alliance and contracting with partners. The finding not only can help examine the theory framework but also be quite useful to insurance policy decision making and to centers¡¦ daily operation.

This article aims to contribute to the long-standing discussion about nonprofit organizations' (NPOs) dependence on public funding and its consequences on their advocacy role in modern societies. Drawing on resource dependence theory and data from a quantitative survey, the study investigates the impact of public funding and its extent on nonprofit engagement in advocacy. Traditionally, scholars have cautioned that NPOs reliant on public sources will hesitate to pursue political objectives and to engage in advocacy work. Yet, empirical findings are strikingly inconsistent. One of the reasons for these ambiguous findings may be the way advocacy is measured. To address this issue, we apply two different approaches to evaluate NPO engagement. Both sets of findings from our multivariate analyses of Austrian NPOs suggest that public funding does not have a negative impact on advocacy.

Enrollment management practices, principles, and administrative structure are changing the behavior of the contemporary university. Through an examination of public Carnegie Research Intensive and Extensive universities in states anticipating growth in the high school graduate population, the study seeks to provide a greater understanding of enrollment management. The theoretical lenses of institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983), resource dependence (Tolbert, 1985), and academic capitalism (Slaughter & Leslie, 1997; Slaughter & Rhoades, 2004), are employed to develop a new view of administrative behavior in current enrollment management organizations. In depth interviews with the individuals leading enrollment efforts at selected universities identify the enrollment manager as an administrator, educator, and entrepreneur. These individuals operate in complex political environments balancing their personal educational philosophies with the needs of their universities. Comprehensive reviews of the strategic enrollment plans at study universities reveal three main goals across all institutions: maintaining financial stability, increasing student and institutional quality, and increasing student diversity. Administrative behavior shows that all three goals are not treated equally and that revenue enhancement activities are prioritized. The administrative behaviors detailed in this study suggest a new ideology related to revenue enhancement for public higher education in the United States.

Resource dependencies have increased substantially at colleges and universities over the years due to economic declines, recessionary periods, and decreased funding from state allocations. The purpose of this study was to advance an understanding of private support for higher education as a source of supplementary funding. As the environment continues to become more competitive for outside resources, institutions of higher education can benefit from more substantive and objective research on private voluntary support to better meet their growing needs for additional resources. Effective financial management requires a greater understanding of the expected size of financial contributions to assist with strategic planning and managing expenditure demands. This is especially true during periods of broad economic downturn when many institutions' revenue sources simultaneously suffer economic shocks through reduced endowment earnings; reductions in state appropriations; and external pressures by students, parents, and other stakeholders to keep tuition rates low. The same economic pressures that affect institutional revenue sources also affect the receipt of charitable contributions. Thus, the relationship between charitable donations and the economy is central to understanding whether these contributions help to stabilize the volatility of institutional revenues. This study examined private giving data reported to the Council for Aid to Education's annual Voluntary Support of Education survey from 1987 to 2012. Only gifts contributed by alumni, foundations, corporations, other individuals, and parents to public and private baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral institutions were considered. Giving data were adjusted through the Consumer Price Index, standardized by enrollment, and correlated with three economic indicators: Average Duration of Unemployment, Employees on Nonagricultural Payrolls, and the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Price Index. The statistical analysis selected to examine each of the four research questions was multiple linear regression used to discover to what relationships exist between economic indicators and private giving to higher education by institutional type, institutional classification, and giving source. This study revealed that differences in private giving exist when correlated to economic indicators. Based on these results, it appears that charitable funding directed to support higher education institutions are based to some extent on resource providers' ability to expend support at particular times in the economic environment. As observed throughout all four research questions, the Average Duration of Unemployment indicator had a larger impact on charitable giving to higher education than did the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Price Index indicator. The results of the Fisher's r to z transformations indicated that the regression model for alumni giving to public higher education institutions was determined to be the statistically strongest prediction model, followed by the regression model for foundation giving to public institutions. While fundraising continues to be only one source of additional funding, it cannot be ignored that the generosity of private donors since the earliest days of this country has helped to create, support and sustain the vital functions of colleges and universities. While the pursuit of private support may have been left primarily to the private institutions over the years, more recent developments in state and government funding patterns to higher education make the constant search for additional support sources a reality for today's public higher education institutions as well. Academic leadership must be cognizant that fiscal flexibility in times of economic prosperity as well as in times of economic downturns can be supplemented by the philanthropic intent of those interested in not only an institution's presence or prestige but also by its impact on students, families, communities, customers, and the economy. Institutions of higher education and their institutional advancement programs can greatly benefit from research studies that provide additional substantive and objective research.

Research suggests that the position of subsidiaries within the multinational corporation (MNC) network has been strengthened over time and as a result, the subsidiary’s ability to exert influence over decisions taken by headquarters and other MNC entities has improved. One of the drivers behind this changed corporate structure is the need of the MNC for innovation, which has lead MNC headquarters to recognize entrepreneurial activities at subsidiary level. In this paper, the connection between subsidiary entrepreneurship and subsidiary influence is examined and it is argued that internal traits held by subsidiaries, which promote entrepreneurial performance, can function as a resource that other entities within the MNC network become dependent upon. From this dependence, influence is received by the subsidiary holding this resource, in accordance to resource dependence theory. Hypotheses are formed and tested using data collected through 60 questionnaires completed by subsidiary managers. The analysis suggests that a quite large portion of the influence subsidiaries obtain can be explained by their internal entrepreneurial capabilities. Recommendations for future research are suggested.

Understanding the composition and distribution of the revenue of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) is key to understanding NPOs themselves. This research uses revenue data for 87,127 charitable NPOs to draw three main conclusions. First, revenue structures of NPOs vary widely by subsector and organizational size, with many NPOs demonstrating revenue structures that might be considered uncharacteristic of the nonprofit sector. Second, despite the concerns of many nonprofit scholars, heavy dependence on either government funding or charitable contributions is atypical of NPOs. And third, nonprofit revenue is highly concentrated in relatively few NPOs. The description of revenue expands to examine the relationship between two important sources of revenue, charitable contributions and government subsidies. Nonprofit scholars have long theorized that government funding diminishes charitable giving. This research finds that the effect of subsidy on charity varies substantially among the nonprofit subsectors, but, contrary to widely accepted theory, these effects are more often positive than negative: More than half of government funding of the nonprofit subsectors appears to spur an increase in charitable giving, whereas only 6 percent of government funding is associated with decreased giving. This research suggests that effects of subsidy on charity are less likely due to the decisions of donors than to the decisions of NPOs themselves. These findings assuage some concerns about the future of the nonprofit sector but substantiate others. As government increasingly relies on NPOs to deliver government-funded services, it appears unlikely that NPOs will suffer decreases in charitable giving, and government funding may even enable NPOs to increase revenue from charitable giving. But marginal changes in charitable giving will not mitigate what many see as a distressing move away from reliance on charity toward generating fees for services and generally becoming more business-like. Whether these findings represent a nonprofit sector betraying its charitable roots, diluting its power to effect social change by corporatizing, emphasizing service delivery at the expense of advocacy, or becoming more efficient, financially stable, and responsive to market demands remains a matter of debate, but debate better informed by the understanding of nonprofit revenue provided by this research.

The research deals with the extent to which multi-national corporation rely on Taiwan subsidiaries¡¦ knowledge resource while operating their capital in subsidiaries in Mainland China. From the interview of the case study, there are three major driving forces affecting parent companies to count on their Taiwan subsidiaries, forces such as specific of parent companies, resource specific of Taiwan subsidiaries and local resource specific in Mainland China, Regarding specific of parent companies, the following factors effect the extent to which parent companies depend on Taiwan subsidiaries¡¦ knowledge resource:1.entry mode 2.experience in Chinese markets 3.The scope of value activities 4. the human resource exercise. Regarding resource specific of Taiwan subsidiaries, the following factors effect the extent to which parent companies depend on Taiwan subsidiaries¡¦ knowledge and resource.1.the strategic roles 2.strive actively to develop 3.industries 4. vertical and horizontal mode of value activities Regarding specific of local resource qualities in Mainland China, the following factors increase the extent to which parent companies depend on Taiwan subsidiaries¡¦ knowledge and resource.1.culture distance 2.uncertainty of local political and economic environment 3.industry value system of the local environment 4.local appropriate talent and the cost