Marine recreational fishing is a highly developed activity and has an increasingly global following. In New Zealand, over 30 % of the population participate in recreational fishing and the annual harvest of some species is larger than the commercial catch. It is therefore vital for resource management to include data on recreational take. Since marine recreational fishing and charter boat fisheries in New Zealand are managed outside the Quota Management System (QMS), Area Management Tools (AMT) such as taiapure (local fishery), mataitai (reserves) rahui (temporary closures) can be used to ensure sustainability of certain coastal areas affected by fishing and other activity. The Akaroa Harbour Taiapure was established in 2006 and is currently the only taiapure in Canterbury. The main objective with this study was to characterise the recreational fishery in the Akaroa Harbour Taiapure in order to provide management solutions for this area. Three surveys were set up whereby two were specifically designed to record the recreational take landed on the four most frequently used slipways in Akaroa Harbour. A third survey was to gauge local resident‟s perception on recreational fisheries over time. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used and appropriate statistical analysis applied. Over 451 intercept interviews were conducted on slipways on Banks Peninsula and 138 trip records were returned. Main findings include significant differences in target and landed species, also a shift in areas mostly fished since the previous survey in 1997 by the Ministry of Fisheries. The most frequently landed fish in this study included blue cod, flounder, rock lobster and perch. The perception survey revealed a strong community bond to recreational fishing and a need for increased local input in the management of the Akaroa Harbour Taiapure. The three surveys are recommended to be continued over time in order to create a data base on recreational fishing and also to document local and indigenous knowledge on marine conservation.

El escenario actual de las redes móviles se caracteriza por la creciente demanda de los usuarios por los servicios de datos, circunstancia que se ha visto potenciada por la popularidad de los teléfonos inteligentes y el auge de aplicaciones que necesitan de una conexión permanente a internet, como aquellas que hacen uso de recursos "en la nube" o los servicios de streaming para vídeo. El consumo de datos crece exponencialmente, tanto para los países desarrollados como en los países en desarrollo, y esto ha llevado a los operadores a plantearse soluciones que permitan proveer dichas condiciones de acceso. Las redes heterogéneas se caracterizan por utilizar diferentes tecnologías de una manera coherente y organizada para proveer a los usuarios con la calidad de servicio requerida en sus comunicaciones, de tal manera que la comunicación sea para estos "transparente". Dicha heterogeneidad se puede dar a nivel de acceso, con la coexistencia de tecnologías como 802.11, WiMAX y redes móviles en sus diferentes generaciones, o incluso a nivel de capas dentro de las redes móviles con la coexistencia de macro, micro, pico y femto celdas. Haciendo un uso organizado de estos múltiples recursos, es posible optimizar las prestaciones de la red y proveer a los usuarios con una mejor calidad de servicio. Pero la posibilidad de mejorar las prestaciones de la red no se da sólo por el uso simultáneo de estas tecnologías de acceso. Para mejorar la eficiencia en el uso del espectro electromagnético, un recurso limitado y subutilizado según diferentes estudios, se propuso la tecnología de cognitive radio. Por medio de esta tecnología es posible que un usuario sea capaz de medir el instante en el que una parte del espectro electromagnético no esta siendo utilizado para enviar información, siempre evitando interferir en las comunicaciones de aquellos usuarios que usan dicho espectro regularmente. En el presente trabajo se proveen diferentes soluciones dentro del contexto de las redes heterogéneas que buscan optimizar el uso de los recursos disponibles en la red para proveer a los usuarios con la calidad de servicio esperada, ya sea por medio del control de acceso o la gestión de recursos. Por un lado se estudia el efecto que la reserva de canales para realizar handoff espectral tiene sobre las prestaciones para los usuarios secundarios en un sistema de cognitive radio. Por otro lado se estudian políticas de acceso para una red en la que dos tecnologías de acceso están disponibles: TDMA y WCDMA, y los usuarios tienen acceso a los servicios de voz y datos. Por otro lado / Performance requirements on mobile networks are tighter than ever as a result of the adoption of mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets, and the QoS levels that mobile applications demand for their correct operation. The data traffic volume carried in mobile networks for 2012 is the same as the total internet traffic in 2000, and this exponential growth tendency will continue in years to come. In order to fulfill users¿ expectations, it is imperative for mobile networks to make the best use of the available resources. Heterogeneous networks (Hetnets) have the ability to integrate several technologies in a coherent and efficient manner in order to enhance users¿ experience. The first challenge of heterogeneous networks is to integrate several radio access technologies, which exist as a result of simultaneous technology developments and a paced replacement of legacy technology. A joint management of several RAT¿s enhances network¿s efficiency, and this influences user¿s experience. Another challenge of heterogeneous networks is the improvement of current macrocells through an efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Some approaches aim to optimize the antennas or use higher-order modulation techniques, but a more disruptive approach is the use of dynamic spectrum techniques through a technology known as cognitive radio. Finally, heterogeneous networks should be able to integrate several layers. In addition to the well studied micro and pico cells, a new generation of cheaper and easily configurable small cell networks have been proposed. However, its success is attached to its ability to adapt to the current context of mobile networks. / Pacheco Páramo, DF. (2013). Performance analysis of access control and resource management methods in heterogeneous networks [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34782 / Alfresco