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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

by Tong Kwok-keung. / Year shown on spine: 1997 / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [99]-[104]) / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Abbreviations --- p.ix / Introduction --- p.1 / Background of Study --- p.1 / Statement of the Problem --- p.3 / Significance of Study --- p.7 / Review of Literature --- p.9 / Ventilatory Muscle Capacity - a Limiting Factor of Exercise Performance --- p.9 / Rib Cage Loading as a Respiratory load --- p.11 / Methods of Rib Cage Loading --- p.13 / The Physical Changes in Respiratory System during Rib Cage Loading --- p.14 / The Physiological Changes in Cardiorespiratory System during Rib Cage Loading --- p.17 / Mechanisms for the Changes in Ventilatory Muscle Activity andin Respiratory Response during Rib Cage Loading --- p.20 / Effects of Rib Cage Loading on Exercise Performance --- p.23 / Summary of Review --- p.25 / Methodology --- p.28 / Statement of Hypotheses --- p.28 / Operational Definitions of Variables --- p.28 / Subjects --- p.31 / Procedures --- p.31 / Instrumentation --- p.33 / Methods of Measurement --- p.36 / Assumptions --- p.50 / Data Analysis --- p.51 / Results --- p.53 / "Physical Characteristics, Forced Spirometry and Maximal Aerobic Power of Subjects" --- p.53 / Effects of Rib Cage Compression on Subdivisions of Lung Volume and Total Respiratory Elastance --- p.53 / Effects of Rib Cage Compression on Exercise Endurance --- p.56 / Effects of Rib Cage Compression on Ventilatory Muscle Function during the cycle exercise --- p.60 / Effects of Rib Cage Compression on Respiratory Response at Rest and during Exercise --- p.63 / Effects of Rib Cage Compression on Oxygen Consumption and Gas Exchange at Rest and during Exercise --- p.69 / Effects of Rib Cage Compression on Heart Rate and Arterial Blood Pressure at Rest and during Exercise --- p.73 / Discussion --- p.79 / The Physical Changes in Respiratory System during Rib Cage Compression --- p.79 / Reduction in Cycle Exercise Endurance with Rib Cage Compression --- p.81 / Conclusion --- p.94 / Implications --- p.95 / Delimitations and Limitations --- p.96 / Suggestions --- p.97 / Bibliography / Appendix I Informed Consent / Appendix II Cycling Protocol for Incremental Exercise Test / Appendix III Cycling Protocol for Cycle Exercise Endurance Test / Appendix IV / Figure IV-I. The changes in volume-pressure tracings with and without rib cage compression during measurement of total respiratory elastance / Table IV-I. The subdivisions of lung volume of each subject with and without rib cage compression / Table IV-II. The cycle exercise duration of each subject with and without rib cage compression / Table IV-III. The static maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures of each subject before and after exercise during both cycle exercise tests / Table IV-IV. & IV-V. The means of each parameter of respiratory response during both cycle exercise tests / "Table IV-VI. The means of end-tidal C02 tension, arterial oxygen content and oxygen consumption during both cycle exercise tests" / "Table IV-VII. The means of heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures during both cycle exercise tests"

by Alice Yee-men Jones (Nee Ho). / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [196]-221). / Abstract --- p.i / Publications --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Chapter SECTION I --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives / Chapter 1.2 --- History & Advances in Chest Physiotherapy / Chapter 1.3 --- Problems of Chest Physiotherapy Research / Chapter 1.4 --- Plan of work / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Previous Studies in Chest Physiotherapy --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Chest Physiotherapy and oxygenation / Chapter 2.2 --- Chest Physiotherapy and sputum clearance / Chapter 2.3 --- Chest Physiotherapy and lung function / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Chest Physiotherapy Practice in ICUs in Australia, the UK and Hong Kong" --- p.34 / Chapter SECTION II --- METHODS / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Measurement of Oxygenation --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- Measurement of arterial oxygenation / Chapter 4.2 --- Indirect measurement of arterial oxygenation / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Respiratory Function Analysis --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1 --- Spirometry measurement / Chapter 5.2 --- Measurement of lung mechanics / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation --- p.74 / Chapter SECTION III --- RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Effects of Percussion and Bagging on Static Lung Compliance --- p.80 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Peak Expiratory Flow from two Breathing Circuits --- p.106 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Peak Expiratory Flow in Tracheal Intubated Patients --- p.127 / Chapter SECTION IV --- PHYSIOTHERAPY AND PAIN MANA GEMENT IN ICU PATIENTS / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) following Thoracotomy --- p.142 / Chapter Chapter 11 --- TENS following Cholecystectomy --- p.154 / Chapter Chapter 12 --- TENS and Entonox --- p.167 / Chapter SECTION V --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS / Chapter Chapter 13 --- Summary --- p.185 / Chapter Chapter 14 --- Conclusion --- p.194 / Chapter SECTION VI --- REFERENCES --- p.197 / Chapter SECTION VII --- APPENDICES --- p.222

The desert-adapted frogs Cyclorana platycephala and Cyclorana maini survive long periods of inhospitably hot and dry conditions by retreating underground and aestivating. While aestivating they suspend food and water intake as well as physical activity, depress their metabolic rate by ~80 %, and form cocoons that protect them against desiccation. How these frogs function during this exceptional state is largely unknown. This work characterized a number of physiological parameters in three metabolic states spanning their natural metabolic range: during aestivation (depressed metabolism), at rest (normal metabolism), and where possible, during exercise (elevated metabolism). The primary objective was to identify by comparison, physiological adjustments in these parameters to metabolic depression, as well as the scope of these parameters in frogs capable of aestivation. The parameters measured for C. maini were (a) the glucose transport kinetics and (b) the fluid balance of an extensive number of their individual organs. For C. platycephala, the parameters measured were (a) the activity of the cardiovascular system as indicated by heart rate and blood pressure and (b) the roles of pulmonary and cutaneous respiratory systems in gas exchange

The lungs are the primary organ of the respiratory system. Their main function is to provide freshly breathed oxygen (O²) to the blood capillaries, while taking carbon dioxide (CO²) from them and expelling it to the atmosphere. Lung conditions such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), etc., cause impaired gas exchange that is life-threatening. In this dissertation, I developed 1) a physiology-based dynamic pulmonary system to study the lung normo- and patho-physiology, and 2) a model-based constrained optimization algorithm to do parameter estimation in order to non-invasively assess lung health. The goals of this work are 1) to accomplish a respiratory personalized medicine example for clinical decision support, and 2) to further the understanding of respiratory physiology, via a mechanistic physiology-based model and system identification techniques. The mechanistic model presented in this thesis comprises six subsystems: 1) a lung mechanics module that computes airflow transport from the mouth and nose to the alveoli (gas exchange units), 2) a respiratory muscles and rib cage mechanics module that simulates the effect of the respiratory muscle contraction on the lungs and the rib cage, 3) a microvascular exchange system that describes fluid (water) and mass (albumin and globulin) transport between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveolar space, 4) an alveolar elasticity module that computes alveolar compliance as a function of the pulmonary surfactant concentration and the elastic properties of the lung tissue fiber, 5) a pulmonary blood circulation that describes blood transport from the heart to the pulmonary system, and 6) a gas exchange system that describes O² and CO² transport between blood in the pulmonary capillaries and gas in the alveoli. Each subsystem was developed based on the latest knowledge of lung physiology and was validated using patient data when available or published and validated physiology-based models. To our knowledge, the combined six-module model would be the most rigorous and expansive lung dynamic model in the literature. This dynamic respiratory system can be used to describe human breathing under healthy and diseased conditions. The model can readily be used to test different what-if scenarios to find the optimal therapy for the patients. Further, I tailor the proposed lung model and adopt system identification techniques for noninvasive assessment of the lung mechanical properties (resistance and compliance) and the patient breathing effort. Pulmonary syndromes or diseases, such as ARDS and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) evoke alterations in lung resistance and compliance. These two parameters reflect, by and large, the state of health and functionality of the respiratory system. Hence tracking these two parameters can lead to better disease diagnosis and easier monitoring of the respiratory disease progression. For spontaneously breathing patients on ventilatory support, the estimation of the lung parameters is challenging due to the added patient’s breathing effort. This dissertation presents a model-based nonlinear constrained optimization algorithm to estimate, breath-by-breath, the lung resistance, the lung compliance, as well as the patient breathing effort due to the respiratory muscle activity, using readily available non-invasive measurements (airway opening pressure and airflow).