Várias etapas dos processos de mineração geram quantidades significativas de materiais particulados, também chamados de aerodispersóides que, dependendo de suas características químicas e físicas, são importantes causadores de doenças ocupacionais denominadas pneumoconioses. Para proteger os trabalhadores desses ambientes, algumas medidas de controle podem ser adotadas. Dentre elas, a medida mais comum é através da utilização de respiradores aprovados. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma análise crítica dos procedimentos de seleção de respiradores para particulados estabelecidos no documento intitulado Programa de Proteção Respiratória (PPR) e proposta a adoção de outros critérios técnicos importantes para trabalhadores de ambientes de mineração. Através do levantamento bibliográfico em acervos nacionais e internacionais, regulamentações vigentes, coleta de dados em minerações e experiência profissional da autora foi possível situar o ambiente de mineração em relação à presença de materiais particulados, analisar a lógica de seleção relacionada com os requisitos legais vigentes no Brasil e identificar os respiradores mais comumente empregados nos ambientes de mineração. Como resultado deste trabalho foi possível discutir sobre o nível de proteção respiratória a que os trabalhadores de minerações brasileiras estão sujeitos e sugerir o uso de tipos de respiradores para algumas situações de exposição. / Significant amounts of particulate matter, also called aerosols, are generated in many steps of mining and depending on its chemical and physical characteristics they are important agents that causes occupational diseases, named pneumoconioses. In order to protect the workers of this environment, some controls can be adopted. Among them, the most common control is the use of approved respirators. In this work is presented a critical analysis of particulate respirators selection procedures that are established at Respiratory Protection Program document and indicated the adoption of other important technical criteria for mining workers. Through the national and international bibliographic information, current regulations, data collection in mining industries and author professional expertise it was possible creating a mining workplace overview related to the presence of particulate matter, analyzing the respirator selection logic considering the Brazilian legal requirements and identifying the most common respirators applied at mining workplace. As a result of this work it was possible to discuss about the respiratory protection level that Brazilian mining workers are subjected and to suggest the use of respirators in some exposure situation.

Várias etapas dos processos de mineração geram quantidades significativas de materiais particulados, também chamados de aerodispersóides que, dependendo de suas características químicas e físicas, são importantes causadores de doenças ocupacionais denominadas pneumoconioses. Para proteger os trabalhadores desses ambientes, algumas medidas de controle podem ser adotadas. Dentre elas, a medida mais comum é através da utilização de respiradores aprovados. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma análise crítica dos procedimentos de seleção de respiradores para particulados estabelecidos no documento intitulado Programa de Proteção Respiratória (PPR) e proposta a adoção de outros critérios técnicos importantes para trabalhadores de ambientes de mineração. Através do levantamento bibliográfico em acervos nacionais e internacionais, regulamentações vigentes, coleta de dados em minerações e experiência profissional da autora foi possível situar o ambiente de mineração em relação à presença de materiais particulados, analisar a lógica de seleção relacionada com os requisitos legais vigentes no Brasil e identificar os respiradores mais comumente empregados nos ambientes de mineração. Como resultado deste trabalho foi possível discutir sobre o nível de proteção respiratória a que os trabalhadores de minerações brasileiras estão sujeitos e sugerir o uso de tipos de respiradores para algumas situações de exposição. / Significant amounts of particulate matter, also called aerosols, are generated in many steps of mining and depending on its chemical and physical characteristics they are important agents that causes occupational diseases, named pneumoconioses. In order to protect the workers of this environment, some controls can be adopted. Among them, the most common control is the use of approved respirators. In this work is presented a critical analysis of particulate respirators selection procedures that are established at Respiratory Protection Program document and indicated the adoption of other important technical criteria for mining workers. Through the national and international bibliographic information, current regulations, data collection in mining industries and author professional expertise it was possible creating a mining workplace overview related to the presence of particulate matter, analyzing the respirator selection logic considering the Brazilian legal requirements and identifying the most common respirators applied at mining workplace. As a result of this work it was possible to discuss about the respiratory protection level that Brazilian mining workers are subjected and to suggest the use of respirators in some exposure situation.

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-205).

M.Cur. / 28-week premature infants are usually born with Respiratory Distress and need ventilator support in order to survive. However, because of all the associated complications of ventilation of premature infants, it is the practice in the NICU's in this studies to extubate these infants as soon as possible to either nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or nasal cannula (nc). For this study the choice of ventilation was High-Frequency Oscillation (HFO). It is known that during HFOV, Fi02 and MAP constitute the oxygenation needed to ventilate these infants. During weaning the Fi02 is reduced to :s 30% and the MAP gradually to :s 8-10 cm H20 to enable extubation. There are not enough guidelines as to the ideal MAP at which to extubate a HFOV 28-week premature infant to nCPAP or nco The purpose of this study was, firstly, to determine the recommended optimal MAP to successfully extubate a 28-week HFOV premature infant to either nCPAP or nc and, secondly, to formulate guidelines and recommendations for use by the attending neonatal nursing staff, doctors and clinicians for optimal nursing and management of the HFOV premature infant. This is a non-experimental quantitative study with a retrospective, descriptive survey, case study design. All 28-week premature infants that were initially ventilated on a HFOV during the period May 2000 to September 2002 in two private Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Gauteng and extubated to nCPAP or nc were incorporated into this study. The study was done in 3 phases. The first involved an in-depth literature survey in which the physiological and biographical variables that were included in the data collection instrument were identified. The second phase involved collecting the data from the infant's medical files, analysing the data and identifying any correlation of the data. In the third phase guidelines and recommendations for neonatal nursing staff, doctors and any attending clinicians were formulated. The initial settings of the HFOV, as well as the settings at a MAP of 8 cm H20, and the settings of the HFOV prior to extubation were recorded and analysed. The premature infant's initial blood gas and peripheral saturation after commencement of ventilation, as well as at a MAP of 8 cm H20 and prior extubation were recorded and analysed. The physiological stability of the premature infants, 12 hours after extubation, formed the criteria of successful extubation and any need for re-intubations was considered failure criteria. There are a lack of protocols and guidelines for neonatal nurses, doctors and clinicians as to guide them in the nursing of HFOV 28-week premature infants. The analysed data assists in drawing up guidelines for nursing the 28-week premature HFOV infant.

Critical care nursing is a speciality that continues to evolve and transform. Critical care nurses of the 21st century routinely care for the complex, critically ill patient, integrating sophisticated technology with the accompanying psychosocial challenges and the ethical conflicts associated with critical illness – while, at the same time, addressing the needs and concerns of the family. Providing nursing care in such a dynamic and fast-track unit can pose various challenges for the critical care nurse. Professional nurses are the backbone of any health-care system. The quality of nursing directly affects the patients’ outcomes, and nursing care must therefore be rendered meticulously. Mechanical ventilator support is routinely needed for critically ill adults in these care units and is also a common therapy in sub-acute and long-term care settings. The care of the mechanically ventilated patient is the core of a professional nurse`s practice in the critical care unit. The mechanically ventilated patient presents many challenges for the professional nurse, while the critical care unit poses as a stressful environment for the professional nurse as well as the patient. The objectives of this study therefore were to explore and describe the lived experiences of professional nurses while caring for mechanically ventilated patients, and to develop recommendations to support professional nurses while caring for mechanically ventilated patients. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was utilised. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analysed according to the framework provided by Tesch. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of professional nurses working in a critical care environment. Guba’s model was utilised to verify data and to ensure trustworthiness of the study. Ethical principles were adhered to throughout this research study. With the analysed data, recommendations were to support professional nurses while caring for mechanically ventilated.

Critically ill patients often require assistance by means of intubation and mechanical ventilation to support their spontaneous breathing if they are unable to maintain it. Mechanical ventilation is one of the most commonly used treatment modalities in the care of the critically ill patient and up to 90% of patients world-wide require mechanical ventilation during some or most parts of their stay in critical care units Management of a patient’s airway is a critical part of patient care both in and out of hospital. Although there are many methods used in verifying the correct placement of the endotracheal tube, the need and ability to verify placement of an endotracheal tube correctly is of utmost importance, because many complications can occur should the tube be incorrectly placed. Since unrecognized oesophageal intubation can have many disastrous effects on patients, various methods for verifying correct endotracheal tube placement have been developed and considered. Some of these methods include direct visualization, end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement and oesophageal detector devices. This research study aimed to explore and describe the existing literature on the verification of endotracheal tubes in the mechanically ventilated patient in the critical- care unit. A systematic review was done in order to operationalize the primary objective. Furthermore, based on the literature collected from the systematic review, recommendations for the verification of the endotracheal tube in the mechanically ventilated patient in the critical care unit were made. Ethical considerations were maintained throughout the study and the quality of the systematic review was ensured by performing a critical appraisal of the evidence found.