No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-93).

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/05/14). Includes bibliographical references.

Liu, Tak Chi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-125). / Abstracts and appendixes in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.viii / List of tables --- p.ix / List of figures --- p.xiii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xvi / List of Unit Abbreviations --- p.xvii / Table of Contents --- p.xviii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Background and introduction --- p.P.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Subjects and methods --- p.P.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Study design and sampling frame --- p.P.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample size calculation --- p.P.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Study population --- p.P.11 / Chapter 2.4 --- Subject assessment in participating kindergartens --- p.P.13 / Chapter 2.5 --- Quality control for spirometric measurements --- p.P.18 / Chapter 2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.P.20 / Chapter 2.7 --- Outcome measures --- p.P.23 / Chapter 2.8 --- Participation and role in this study --- p.P.24 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.P.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Comparison between the study populations in the training and research phases --- p.P.26 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "Response rate, participation rate and success rate" --- p.P.27 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Other factors --- p.P.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Comparison between participants and non-participants in the research phase --- p.P.33 / Chapter 3.3 --- Comparison of factors between the subjects who succeed and failed to provide acceptable spirometric maneuvers which meet ATS/ERS standards in the research phase --- p.P.36 / Chapter 3.4 --- Comparison of lung function parameters between subjects who met and failed to meet the health criteria in the research phase --- p.P.39 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Gestational birth age (< 37 weeks vs > 37 weeks) --- p.P.40 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Birth weight (< 2.5kg vs > 2.5kg) --- p.P.41 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Children with vs without current wheeze --- p.P.43 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Children with vs without history of asthma ever --- p.P.44 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Children with vs without recent respiratory tract infections (RTIs) --- p.P.45 / Chapter 3.5 --- The test-retest reliability --- p.P.47 / Chapter 3.6 --- "Relationship between lung function parameters and demographic, early-life, anthropometric and environmental factors in subjects who satisfied both health and ATS/ERS criteria in our research phase" --- p.P.50 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Demographic factors --- p.P.51 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Early-life factors --- p.P.53 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Anthropometric factors --- p.P.56 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Environmental factors --- p.P.57 / Chapter 3.7 --- Reference standards for incentive spirometry: Reference equations and normograms --- p.P.59 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussions --- p.P.76 / Chapter 4.1 --- Pioneering incentive spirometry in Hong Kong preschoolers: Training and research phases --- p.P.77 / Chapter 4.2 --- Participants and non-participants in the research phase --- p.P.79 / Chapter 4.3 --- Subjects who succeed and failed to give acceptable maneuvers which meet ATS/ERS standards in the research phase --- p.P.81 / Chapter 4.4 --- "The relationship between demographic, anthropometric and environmental factors and spirometric parameters in local young children" --- p.P.84 / Chapter 4.41 --- Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and maternal smoking --- p.P.85 / Chapter 4.42 --- Place of birth --- p.P.87 / Chapter 4.43 --- Obesity and underweight --- p.P.89 / Chapter 4.44 --- Breastfeeding practice --- p.P.91 / Chapter 4.45 --- "Birth factors: mode of delivery, birth weight and gestation birth age" --- p.P.92 / Chapter 4.46 --- "Indoor environment: pets, moulds and others" --- p.P.94 / Chapter 4.5 --- Evaluation of the test-retest reliability --- p.P.95 / Chapter 4.6 --- The relationship between the health criteria and spirometric parameters in local young children --- p.P.96 / Chapter 4.7 --- The spirometric reference standards in Chinese preschool children in Hong Kong: Comparisons with published findings in different ethnic groups --- p.P.98 / Chapter 4.8 --- Drawbacks and limitations of this study --- p.P.105 / Chapter 4.9 --- Future research directions --- p.P.110 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Conclusions --- p.P.111 / References --- p.P.112 / Appendices --- p.P.126 / Chapter Appendix I: --- Invitation letter --- p.P.127 / Chapter Appendix II: --- Reply form --- p.P.129 / Chapter Appendix III: --- Consent --- p.P.130 / Chapter Appendix IV: --- ISAAC questionnaire --- p.P.134 / Chapter Appendix V: --- Subject report --- p.P.163

No description available.

Ecogeographic patterns of modern human craniofacial diversity suggest external nasal structures reflect climatic adaptations for respiratory and thermoregulatory functions. Regarding internal structures, the maxillary sinus supposedly varies as a function of the nasal cavity while not contributing in respiratory function. Owing to conflicting results, this study reinvestigates that claim by evaluating maxillary sinus variation in a larger sample (n=200) spanning 11 ecogeographic regions. The surface-area-to-volume (SA:V) ratio (i.e., relative mucosal area) was collected in addition to sinus volume and linear dimensions. Pearson correlations show nasal cavity breadth and maxillary sinus volume are not significantly correlated, and individuals from cold, versus hot, climates exhibit larger volumes with lower surface-area-to-volume (SA:V) ratios. Individuals from high altitudes display a unique configuration with high SA:V ratios and large maxillary sinus volumes. Analyses of variance largely fail to find significant differences among the 11 samples. However, a canonical variate analysis of nasal and sinus dimensions indicates clear separations between the heat- and cold-adapted populations, as well as among the cold-adapted populations. Specifically, Arctic populations display smaller sinus volumes and lower SA:V ratios. Mantel tests indicate certain sinus dimensions depart from isolation-by-distance models. Results indicate that maxillary sinus form does not simply follow isolation-by-distance models and cannot simply be explained in terms of nasal cavity breadth or craniofacial architecture— suggesting that environmental pressures are directly acting on the sinus. Functional possibilities for the sinus include thermoregulatory functions among Arctic populations and/or nitric oxide production for high-altitude populations. Additional considerations and future lines of research are presented.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [78]-91).

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (Ph. D.). University of Lund. Depts. of Anasthesia and Clinical Physiology.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.