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<p>This thesis aims to investigate perceptions of sustainability in relation to business</p><p>strategy within the Swedish chemical industry. To this end, a survey was</p><p>distributed with the assistance of industry organization Plast- och Kemiföretagen</p><p>to companies that are part of the Responsible Care® program.</p><p>A second purpose of the study is to explore critical factors when implementing an</p><p>integration of sustainability with business strategy. To do this as well as dig deeper</p><p>into a couple of questions raised in the survey, a qualitative study was carried out</p><p>at Akzo Nobel business unit Pulp and Paper Chemicals (operating under the brand</p><p>name of Eka Chemicals). Semi-structured interviews were performed with seven</p><p>company representatives from different organizational levels, to explore critical</p><p>factors identified in a literary study.</p><p>From the survey, it could be concluded that the studied companies considered</p><p>sustainability as an important issue today and with growing importance for the</p><p>future. It was also observed that sustainability is currently not an issue at the core</p><p>of business strategy, as 35% of respondent companies did not think that top</p><p>management handled issues related to sustainability. Enhanced reputation and</p><p>cost reduction/resource efficiency were seen as the primary creators of business</p><p>value when addressing sustainability. Additional top motivating forces to consider</p><p>sustainability were legislative demands and company core values.</p><p>From the literary study a model of critical factors when implementing changes in</p><p>strategy was developed. Four different aspects identified were explored in the</p><p>semi-structured interviews at Eka Chemicals: change leadership, shared vision,</p><p>sense of urgency and aligning goals. In that specific setting, the critical factors of</p><p>having a shared vision and aligning individual, organizational unit and corporate</p><p>goals were found to exist to a high degree, while the critical factor of change</p><p>leadership was only partially existent, and a sense of urgency not existent.</p>

This thesis aims to investigate perceptions of sustainability in relation to business strategy within the Swedish chemical industry. To this end, a survey was distributed with the assistance of industry organization Plast- och Kemiföretagen to companies that are part of the Responsible Care® program. A second purpose of the study is to explore critical factors when implementing an integration of sustainability with business strategy. To do this as well as dig deeper into a couple of questions raised in the survey, a qualitative study was carried out at Akzo Nobel business unit Pulp and Paper Chemicals (operating under the brand name of Eka Chemicals). Semi-structured interviews were performed with seven company representatives from different organizational levels, to explore critical factors identified in a literary study. From the survey, it could be concluded that the studied companies considered sustainability as an important issue today and with growing importance for the future. It was also observed that sustainability is currently not an issue at the core of business strategy, as 35% of respondent companies did not think that top management handled issues related to sustainability. Enhanced reputation and cost reduction/resource efficiency were seen as the primary creators of business value when addressing sustainability. Additional top motivating forces to consider sustainability were legislative demands and company core values. From the literary study a model of critical factors when implementing changes in strategy was developed. Four different aspects identified were explored in the semi-structured interviews at Eka Chemicals: change leadership, shared vision, sense of urgency and aligning goals. In that specific setting, the critical factors of having a shared vision and aligning individual, organizational unit and corporate goals were found to exist to a high degree, while the critical factor of change leadership was only partially existent, and a sense of urgency not existent.

Objetivo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar benefícios da implantação de sistemas de gestão ambiental ISO 14001 e Atuação Responsável®, em amostras de empresas do setor químico no Brasil, até o ano de 2002. A pesquisa buscou avaliar tanto resultados de sustentabilidade com base em indicadores, quanto práticas gerenciais das empresas, em especial práticas relacionadas a gerenciamento de produtos, conscientização de funcionários, exigências a fornecedores, entre outras. Métodos. Dados secundários fornecidos pela ABIQUIM e dados obtidos de fontes bibliográficas foram usados para análise estatística do desempenho ambiental de empresas signatárias do Atuação Responsável no ano de 2002, utilizando testes não-paramétricos. O principal indicador utilizado foi a eco-eficiência econômica. Dados primários foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com representantes de indústrias químicas no estado de São Paulo, e por consulta por meio de correio eletrônico. Foram utilizados métodos quantitativos para análise de dados qualitativos para estudo das respostas às questões das entrevistas. Resultados. Quando comparado o desempenho ambiental de empresas com e sem ISO 14001, dentre aquelas que subscrevem o Atuação Responsável®, a geração de resíduos perigosos resultou cerca de 55 por cento menor no grupo com ISO 14001, e o consumo de gás natural cerca de 50 vezes menor nesse mesmo grupo. Quando comparado o desempenho ambiental de empresas que subscrevem o programa Atuação Responsável®, classificadas por grupos de produtos, foram identificadas poucas diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Não foi possível incluir na comparação a eco-eficiência de empresas não signatárias do programa Atuação Responsável®, com ou sem ISO 14001, por insuficiência de dados, bem como dados estatísticos para 1999. As entrevistas mostraram que entre os principais benefícios obtidos pela implantação dos sistemas de gestão, quando as práticas são comparadas empresas com e sem sistemas de gestão, estão a maior freqüência e variedade de atividades de conscientização ambiental para funcionários, e maiores exigências feitas a certos tipos de fornecedores, entre outras. Conclusões. Em poucos casos foi possível identificar diferenças de desempenho ambiental. As informações para estudos comparativos de eco-eficiência são pouco disponíveis, e o uso de indicadores de eco-eficiência ainda é restrito na maioria das indústrias químicas, mesmo em empresas com sistema de gestão ambiental consolidado. Os compromissos das empresas de comunicação com partes interessadas nem sempre são mantidos. Poucas diferenças de resultados de eco-eficiência puderam ser comprovadas, para implementação de ISO 14001 nas empresas que são signatárias do Atuação Responsável® / Objective. This work has as general objective toe evaluate the benefits from the implementation of ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems and from Responsible Care in Brazilian chemical industry sector samples, till the year 2002. The research aimed at evaluating both indicator-based sustainability results and somo of their management practices, related to product stewardship, workers awareness, requirements for suppliers, and others. Methods. Secondary data provided by ABIQUIM and data from bibligraphic fonts have been used to perform the statistical analysis of Responsible Care® subscribers environmental performance, in year 2002. The main used indicator has been economic eco-efficiency. Primary data have been got by means of interviews with chemical industries representatives, in the state of são Paulo, and by means of e-mail. Quantitative methods for the analysis of qualitative data have been used to study the answers to the interviews\' questions. Results. When comparing ISO 14001 certified and non-certified companies, among those that subscribe Responsible Care®, hazardous waste generation was about 55 per cent lower in the ISO 14001 group, and the natural gas consumption about 50 times lower in this same group. Statistically significant differences have been identified in the performance related to waste management generation, around 55 per cent lower in the group of ISO 14001 certified industries, and in the natural gas consumption, 50 times lower in the same group. When comparing the Responsible Care® subscribers environmental performance, classified by product group, only a few indicators resulted statistically different. It was not possible to include non-Responsible Care® subscribers in the comparison, and also those related to the statistical information for the year 1999, because data was not enough. The interviews showed that, when the practices by the companies that operate environmental management systems are compared with companies without these systems, among the main benefits it has been found an improved amount and variety of awareness activities for employees, and more requirements for certain suppliers. Conclusions. The information for comparative studies of eco-efficiency is still not much available, and the use of eco-efficiency indicators is weak in the most chemical industries, even in those that have consolidated environmental management systems. The compromises the companies have related to the communication with stakeholders are not always maintained. Only a few differences in eco-efficiency results have been confirmed, from the implementation of ISO 14001 in Responsible Care® subscribers companies

Objetivo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar benefícios da implantação de sistemas de gestão ambiental ISO 14001 e Atuação Responsável®, em amostras de empresas do setor químico no Brasil, até o ano de 2002. A pesquisa buscou avaliar tanto resultados de sustentabilidade com base em indicadores, quanto práticas gerenciais das empresas, em especial práticas relacionadas a gerenciamento de produtos, conscientização de funcionários, exigências a fornecedores, entre outras. Métodos. Dados secundários fornecidos pela ABIQUIM e dados obtidos de fontes bibliográficas foram usados para análise estatística do desempenho ambiental de empresas signatárias do Atuação Responsável no ano de 2002, utilizando testes não-paramétricos. O principal indicador utilizado foi a eco-eficiência econômica. Dados primários foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com representantes de indústrias químicas no estado de São Paulo, e por consulta por meio de correio eletrônico. Foram utilizados métodos quantitativos para análise de dados qualitativos para estudo das respostas às questões das entrevistas. Resultados. Quando comparado o desempenho ambiental de empresas com e sem ISO 14001, dentre aquelas que subscrevem o Atuação Responsável®, a geração de resíduos perigosos resultou cerca de 55 por cento menor no grupo com ISO 14001, e o consumo de gás natural cerca de 50 vezes menor nesse mesmo grupo. Quando comparado o desempenho ambiental de empresas que subscrevem o programa Atuação Responsável®, classificadas por grupos de produtos, foram identificadas poucas diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Não foi possível incluir na comparação a eco-eficiência de empresas não signatárias do programa Atuação Responsável®, com ou sem ISO 14001, por insuficiência de dados, bem como dados estatísticos para 1999. As entrevistas mostraram que entre os principais benefícios obtidos pela implantação dos sistemas de gestão, quando as práticas são comparadas empresas com e sem sistemas de gestão, estão a maior freqüência e variedade de atividades de conscientização ambiental para funcionários, e maiores exigências feitas a certos tipos de fornecedores, entre outras. Conclusões. Em poucos casos foi possível identificar diferenças de desempenho ambiental. As informações para estudos comparativos de eco-eficiência são pouco disponíveis, e o uso de indicadores de eco-eficiência ainda é restrito na maioria das indústrias químicas, mesmo em empresas com sistema de gestão ambiental consolidado. Os compromissos das empresas de comunicação com partes interessadas nem sempre são mantidos. Poucas diferenças de resultados de eco-eficiência puderam ser comprovadas, para implementação de ISO 14001 nas empresas que são signatárias do Atuação Responsável® / Objective. This work has as general objective toe evaluate the benefits from the implementation of ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems and from Responsible Care in Brazilian chemical industry sector samples, till the year 2002. The research aimed at evaluating both indicator-based sustainability results and somo of their management practices, related to product stewardship, workers awareness, requirements for suppliers, and others. Methods. Secondary data provided by ABIQUIM and data from bibligraphic fonts have been used to perform the statistical analysis of Responsible Care® subscribers environmental performance, in year 2002. The main used indicator has been economic eco-efficiency. Primary data have been got by means of interviews with chemical industries representatives, in the state of são Paulo, and by means of e-mail. Quantitative methods for the analysis of qualitative data have been used to study the answers to the interviews\' questions. Results. When comparing ISO 14001 certified and non-certified companies, among those that subscribe Responsible Care®, hazardous waste generation was about 55 per cent lower in the ISO 14001 group, and the natural gas consumption about 50 times lower in this same group. Statistically significant differences have been identified in the performance related to waste management generation, around 55 per cent lower in the group of ISO 14001 certified industries, and in the natural gas consumption, 50 times lower in the same group. When comparing the Responsible Care® subscribers environmental performance, classified by product group, only a few indicators resulted statistically different. It was not possible to include non-Responsible Care® subscribers in the comparison, and also those related to the statistical information for the year 1999, because data was not enough. The interviews showed that, when the practices by the companies that operate environmental management systems are compared with companies without these systems, among the main benefits it has been found an improved amount and variety of awareness activities for employees, and more requirements for certain suppliers. Conclusions. The information for comparative studies of eco-efficiency is still not much available, and the use of eco-efficiency indicators is weak in the most chemical industries, even in those that have consolidated environmental management systems. The compromises the companies have related to the communication with stakeholders are not always maintained. Only a few differences in eco-efficiency results have been confirmed, from the implementation of ISO 14001 in Responsible Care® subscribers companies

This diploma thesis is focused on a little-known and therefore interesting topic. The work concernes the evaluation of the effectivity of Responsible Care Programme -- Odpovědné podnikání v chemii under conditions of the Czech Republic. Of great importance is the part of the work summarizing the motivation to implement RC programme, the barriers to implement RC programme as well as the evaluation of its benefits. The case study based on the Lovochemie INC Lovosice served well to evaluate the effectivity of RC programme and the application of the supporting RC activities . The enterprize has been respecting the rules of responsible bussiness practice since 1996. Discussion concerning the results achieved in the Czech Republic and Europe is also intersting. The danger for RC programme are similar voluntary instruments of environmental protection (e.g. ISO 14001 and EMAS), which, on the other hand, may act to support the results achieved within the basic indicators of healt, safety and environmental protection.

Submitted by infopei ufba (infopei@ufba.br) on 2016-09-30T14:42:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dis_aurinezio_c_barbosa.pdf: 3207019 bytes, checksum: 827d749408ae5eabd720dda8e8e7825a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Escola Politécnica Biblioteca (biengproc@ufba.br) on 2017-03-17T19:19:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dis_aurinezio_c_barbosa.pdf: 3207019 bytes, checksum: 827d749408ae5eabd720dda8e8e7825a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T19:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dis_aurinezio_c_barbosa.pdf: 3207019 bytes, checksum: 827d749408ae5eabd720dda8e8e7825a (MD5) / COFIC, Conselho Comunitário Consultivo / Esta dissertação tem a finalidade de estudar a influência da relação indústria-comunidade, implantada no ano de 1994, pelo Comitê de Fomento Industrial de Camaçari (COFIC), no Pólo Industrial de Camaçari-BA (Pólo), com a criação do Conselho Comunitário Consultivo (CCC), que é uma experiência de Responsabilidade Social Coorporativa entre o Pólo e as comunidades vizinhas, através do Programa Atuação Responsável. De forma pioneira no país, a indústria química brasileira investiu na construção de um relacionamento entre as indústrias do Pólo e a população residente no seu entorno, através da constituição de um CCC formado por representantes dessa população. Neste trabalho, foram avaliados os documentos relacionados à formação e ao funcionamento do CCC, além das observações in loco, feitas por este pesquisador, como agente ativo no processo. Inicialmente, fez-se uma revisão de literatura sobre o assunto e seus pontos de referências. Esta pesquisa exploratória serviu de fundamentação teórica aos processos de análise crítica sobre o funcionamento do CCC no período de 1994 a 2001 e seus respectivos rebatimentos sobre a gestão de SSMA no Pólo. Desenvolveu-se uma análise crítica quanto às influências desse Conselho sobre a gestão de Segurança Industrial, Meio Ambiente e Saúde Ocupacional (SSMA) do COFIC no Pólo. O Conselho Comunitário Consultivo tem oportunizado a ambas as partes (indústria/comunidade) o exercício da parceria e da convivência. O trabalho conclui que, em função dos resultados obtidos através da aproximação do Pólo com suas comunidades vizinhas, o Conselho Comunitário Consultivo contribuiu para a melhoria da gestão, pelo COFIC, da Segurança Industrial, Meio Ambiente e Saúde Ocupacional no Pólo. Destaca-se a criação dos Núcleos de Defesa Comunitária para o Plano de Emergências da Comunidade e a melhoria na gestão da prevenção de acidentes com contratadas no Pólo. / This dissertation aims to study how the creation of the Community Advisory Council (CAC), in 1994, by the Industrial Committee of Camaçari (COFIC) affected the relation between the industry and the local community. This initiative can be seen as an experience of Corporate Social Responsibility towards nearby communities, under the Responsible Care Program, a pioneer initiative in Brazil, undertook by the chemical industry. The Community Advisory Council has been a window of opportunity for both industry and community, to exercise partnership and co-operation. A critical analysis of the outcome of the work of this Community Council towards improving Health, Safety and Environment management was developed. At first, a literature review was undertaken and a theoretical framework was drawn which was essential for the critical documental analysis that followed. The documentation about the CAC operation between 1994 and 2001 and its influence on the COFIC decision making process was analysed and the study was complemented by in loco direct observation. It has been possible to conclude that a close relation between Camaçari Industrial Complex and nearby communities resulted from the CAC implementation and this has been contributing to the improvement of COFIC Health, Safety and Environment management on the complex. Moreover, two aspects that can be emphasised are: a) the establishment of Community Defense Centers related to Communities Emergency Plans and b) the improvement on the prevention of accidents involving contractors in Camaçari Complex.