Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-93).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in History. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 352-372). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ66346.

Expenditure on food is a major item of the budget of British households. For low income households it may be the single largest expenditure category. It follows from this that there are major welfare implications in the placement of the retail stores from which foodstuffs may be bought. This issue has been a topic of debate ever since the grocery retail system began to restructure into larger outlets. Food retailing in Britain is highly competitive and the major chains have an excellent record of supplying food on low profit margins per item. This in itself, however, forces them to seek other ways of reducing overheads. Accordingly, there are sound economic reasons why grocery retailers must seek low-cost locations that are accessible to the more mobile sectors of the community. The advent of the French-style hypermarket drew attention to the possibility that such a revision of the system of retailing might offer low prices but at the cost of making stores inaccessible to the less mobile low income groups who most need those low prices. It is to this vital issue that this thesis addresses itself. Empirical analysis is undertaken in South Hampshire in order to compare a hypermarket with a superstore. The latter type of store offers similar facilities of large scale grocery shopping but in a more accessible location. Three separate types of analysis, each within the positivist/ behaviouralist tradition proposed by Johnston, are attempted in order to draw out the welfare implications of these contrasted store types. Analyses are undertaken at each of the stores, in the hinterland of the stores and among higher-income and lower-income residents of the area. The conclusions are that the superstore is td be favoured on welfare grounds. At the same time, it is recognised that such stores develop within the overall framework of control offered by the British Planning System. Accordingly, the 'Managerialist' theories of Pahl are drawn upon in order to place the research in a wider context. This makes it possible to extend the applicability of the findings beyond the immediate research area. Observations are made on possible planning strategies to maximise the likelihood that superstores, rather than hypermarkets, will be built in the future.

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This practicum explores the concept of sustainable retail development and seeks out innovative approaches that can be employed by retailers, retail developers and urban planners to create more sustainable retail environments in Canadian cities. This is achieved in part through a case study of how a notable Canadian retailer, Mountain Equipment Co-op, addresses the negative social, environmental and economic implications of predominant retail development practices. Although the concept of ‘sustainable retailing’ encompasses an extremely broad number of considerations which may include product sourcing, transportation and manufacturing standards, materials recycling, building construction and customer and employee satisfaction; this practicum focuses on the issues of ‘sustainable retail development’ from an urban planning perspective. These considerations include the economic, environmental and social impacts of site location and development decisions of retailers. The intention of this practicum is to promote change both locally and globally through the encouragement of more sustainable retail development initiatives at the district, block, site and community scales.

This practicum explores the concept of sustainable retail development and seeks out innovative approaches that can be employed by retailers, retail developers and urban planners to create more sustainable retail environments in Canadian cities. This is achieved in part through a case study of how a notable Canadian retailer, Mountain Equipment Co-op, addresses the negative social, environmental and economic implications of predominant retail development practices. Although the concept of ‘sustainable retailing’ encompasses an extremely broad number of considerations which may include product sourcing, transportation and manufacturing standards, materials recycling, building construction and customer and employee satisfaction; this practicum focuses on the issues of ‘sustainable retail development’ from an urban planning perspective. These considerations include the economic, environmental and social impacts of site location and development decisions of retailers. The intention of this practicum is to promote change both locally and globally through the encouragement of more sustainable retail development initiatives at the district, block, site and community scales.

No description available.

No description available.