Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Ecologically, Richardson's ground squirrels comprise and uphold a major part of the prairie ecosystem. However, from a soceital perspective, many residents of the prairies view them as nothing more than 'pests' in need of eradication. The focus of this research is on attitudes, knowledge, and public support for specific management strategies in relation to Richardson's ground squirrels. Measuring human attitudes about wildlife is a growing field of study that can provide important information to resource management personnel. Surveys were administered to rural residents, urban residents, and grade 12 high school students residing in Lethbridge, Alberta or within a 60-km radius of the city. Urban people had a significantly more positive overall attitude score than rural people. Rural people had a significantly higher knowledge score than urban residents. Rural people supported lethal management practices in all areas listed whereas urban people more often supported alternative management practices such as capture and relocation or the introduction of predators. Both urban and rural people believed that overpopulation of Richardson's ground squirrels and the depletion of crops caused by Richardson's ground squirrels were serious problems. Overall, rural people perceived problems caused by Richardson's ground squirells to be more serious problems than did urban residents. Results provide information for decision-makers and highlight areas where education might focus. In addition, a baseline of existing attitudes toward Richardson's ground squirrels is created against which future change in attitudes or knowledge can be measured. / x, 191 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.

The thesis is divided into four parts;<p> 1.The implantation of the blastodermic vesicle,<p> 2.The method of amnion formation in Citillus,<p> 3.The anatomy and foetal membranes of a 25 mm. embryo,<p> 4.The brain of a 9 mm. foetus.

The thesis is divided into four parts;<p> 1.The implantation of the blastodermic vesicle,<p> 2.The method of amnion formation in Citillus,<p> 3.The anatomy and foetal membranes of a 25 mm. embryo,<p> 4.The brain of a 9 mm. foetus.

I studied free-living Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) using telemetry and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) to evaluate overwinter energy utilization and the impact of seed caching on body composition of males. I excavated 51 hibernation systems and found that 66% of 35 males cached 1 to 4 species of seed in the hivernaculum. Pre-emergent euthermy was shorter for 3 non-caching (0.7 = 0.2 days) than for 13 caching males (4.0 = 2.8 days), and metabolic predictions of overwinter mass loss approximated actual loss for non-caching males, but over-estimated mass loss for caching males. I concluded that caching males recouped some of the mass lost during hibernation by eating the cache during the longer period of pre-emergence euthermy. Based on TOBEC, the recouped mass included both fat and lean tissue. I suggest that caching in one year is a cost of reproduction that offsets the energetic demands of mating the following year. / xii, 139 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

Although female Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) spend 80% of their lives sleeping and hibernating underground, studies on interactions and space-use have historically focused on the 20% of the time they spend aboveground. The type and frequency of aboveground interactions and degree of home-range overlap among female Richardson’s ground squirrels depend on their reproductive status and degree of kinship. The purpose of my study was to determine whether reproductive status and kinship influence underground sharing of space as well. I radio-collared 54 adult female Richardson’s ground squirrels (18 in 2008, 30 in 2009, and 6 in both years) of known maternal kinship in 5 spatially adjacent matrilines at a field site near Picture Butte, Alberta, Canada. Radio-collared females were located underground every evening after they retired and every morning before they emerged during both the 2008 and 2009 active seasons to determine sleep-site use and sleep-site sharing. The locations at which females were observed to retire in the evening (170 evenings) and emerge in the morning (141 mornings) in 2008 and 2009 were used to determine underground connections between surface entrances and underground sleep sites. Females commonly shared burrow systems, sleep sites, surface entrances, and underground connections after emergence from hibernation until mid-pregnancy and they shared again, though less frequently, after litters had been weaned, but they never shared underground features during lactation and hibernation. Close kin shared underground space more frequently than distant kin, and distant kin more frequently than non-kin. Variation in underground sharing of space over the active season and selective sharing with respect to kinship suggest that reproductive status and degree of kinship influence underground sharing. / xii, 121 leaves ; 29 cm

The thesis is divided into four parts; 1.The implantation of the blastodermic vesicle, 2.The method of amnion formation in Citillus, 3.The anatomy and foetal membranes of a 25 mm. embryo, 4.The brain of a 9 mm. foetus.

I studied the mating behaviour of Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) in 2007 and 2008, near Picture Butte, AB, Canada with the goals of evaluating multiple paternities within litters, sperm competition, and female mate choice. Eleven microsatellites and use of behavioural data to eliminate males who could not be putative sires based on their spatial and temporal remoteness from estrous females enabled exclusive assignment of paternity to 82.8% of 598 offspring with known maternity. The frequency of multiple paternities (26.4%, n=87 litters) in my population was lower than that reported for Richardson’s ground squirrels in a Manitoba population (80.0%, n=15 litters). Sperm competition was absent except in litters weaned by those females that mated again within 5 minutes of the first copulation, in which case sperm displacement was evident. Female choice was observed through avoidance of copulation, termination of copulation, and hide-then-run behaviour. / x, 98 leaves ;|c29 cm. --

Microsite disturbances – including mounds created by burrowing mammals – increase local plant community diversity by supporting unique species assemblages. I investigated whether Richardson’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus richardsonii) mounds support unique plant assemblages within five Manitoba prairie pastures, and explored the factors contributing to the plant assemblages documented. Richardson’s ground squirrel mounds supported unique species assemblages relative to bare-ground disturbances with removal of vegetation but no soil disturbance. These detectable shifts in plant community structure on mounds appear to be attributable to mound-specific environmental conditions responsible for delaying vegetative recolonization and facilitating establishment of early-succession species. In contrast, seed bank distribution did not appear to influence species assemblages on mounds. Further investigation into site-specific changes in species distribution on Richardson’s ground squirrel mounds is needed to appreciate the role of these burrowing mammals in pastureland communities. / February 2017

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 1997. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.