Humans are at a critical juncture in terms of how to evolve to deal with increasingly urgent global ecological and social trends. Questions of ecological sustainability are inextricably linked to patterns of human production and consumption. The current economic system operates without regard for unbending ecological laws. Industrial Ecology is an alternative theory for planning, designing and managing production and consumption activities to operate within biophysical limits by applying ecological principles to industrial operations. This thesis explores implementing Industrial Ecology with eco-industrial parks - sites with a redundant and diverse set of businesses co-located to operate as ecologically compatible and economically viable systems. Projects underway are using different concepts, strategies and organizational forms, but all seek to apply Industrial Ecology principles. My literature review discusses the benefits, challenges and risks associated with eco-industrial parks and summarizes key design elements from existing cases. The City of Richmond is used to analyze the capacity of a municipality and its policy and regulatory framework for eco-industrial parks based on key design elements. Structured interviews informed the evaluation of capacity. I found Richmond's Official Community Plan, Industrial Strategy and zoning bylaw conceptually support and would not prevent eco-industrial park development; however, policy lacks economy-environment linkages and does not further Industrial Ecology. Regulatory barriers to implementation of physical design features of eco-industrial parks involve zoning, land use patterns, permitting, ownership and water concerns, but the barriers are flexible in terms of presenting obstacles rather than being prohibitive. Municipal capacity gaps exist for non-physical design features relating to information systems and organization and management. I make recommendations for Richmond to increase eco-industrial development capacity based on Industrial Ecology theory, other eco-industrial park cases and a personal interpretation of what is required for sustainable development. Richmond has significant potential to become a leader in industrial innovation at the level of local systems to which horizontal and vertical links can be established for achieving long-term sustainability. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Richmond, also known as Lulu Island, was carved out from the passage of the Fraser River to the Pacific Ocean. The River and its rich delta soils have bestowed a strong fishing and agricultural industry upon Richmond. This thesis examines an area of Richmond that is located along the shores of the Fraser River where the North Arm splits into the Middle Arm. This area, specifically the Bridgeport sub-area and the Van Home Industrial Park, is a predominantly light industrial neighbourhood located along the northwest shores of Richmond. This particular site has gradually undergone redevelopment over the past ten years as commercial land uses have begun to take the place of residential and agricultural land uses. These new land uses, in many instances, are not complementary to one another and the area moves towards becoming dominated by big box commercial and tourism-based commercial. Residential land use is being replaced by these new land uses due to the noise generated from the flight path for the north runway of the Vancouver International Airport which passes directly over this neighbourhood. This thesis explores three revitalization schemes that would allow for the redevelopment of this area to proceed in such a way that creates an opportunity for a strong neighbourhood identity. One that recognizes the demands and diverse nature of the area while establishing a variety of land uses that are able to coexist and take advantage of the site's physical and experiential attributes and its strategic location within the city and region. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

The management of the coastal zone is a complex task facing all three levels of Canadian Government. While academic research and public attention tend to focus on federal and provincial agencies, the role of local government has been left largely unexplored. This thesis examines the role of local government in coastal zone management in British Columbia and evaluates local government’s contribution to the management of the coastal zone based on the performance of local planning policies in the coastal community of Richmond, B.C. Coastal zone management (C.Z.M.) is a specialized subset of contemporary resource management models having three hierarchically integrated components representing biophysical, socio-economic and institutional subsystems. A literature review yielded many management issues of which seven were selected to reflect the local government experience in C.Z.M. The seven issues are: Habitat Conservation, Water Quality, Coastal Hazards, Public Access and Aesthetics, Public Input, Water Dependency and Interjurisdictional Coordination. The evaluation of Richmond’s C.Z.M. policies was undertaken using a methodology similar to those employed by Rosentraub (1975) and Jessen et al. (1983). A retrospective analysis of Development Permit Application files processed between 1988 and 1991 was employed in the evaluation of existing policies contained within Richmond’s Official Community Plan. While the exact extent of local responsibilities remains poorly defined by existing legislation, local regulatory powers in C.Z.M. were determined to be nonetheless significant. The British Columbia Municipal Act provided a considerable amount of regulatory authority for each of the seven coastal zone management issues, namely in the form of Zoning bylaws, Official Community Plan bylaws and Development Permits. The findings indicate that Richmond’s existing policies displayed limited effectiveness concerning the management of C.Z.M. issues such as Habitat Conservation, Water Quality, Coastal Hazards and Interjurisdictional Coordination. However, the results also suggested that local policies addressing coastal zone issues such as public access and aesthetics were effective. Furthermore, explicit policies for Water Dependency and Public Input were non existent. Several recommendations were made in this thesis. The first is an expanded recognition of C.Z.M. as a local government concern and responsibility. Further recommendations include increased interjurisdictional involvement, greater public access to waterfront surrounding industrial sites and discouraging the pressure to develop in the floodplain. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Ideas of typology are pursued, expanding on popular preconceptions of automobile culture and strip architecture. The elements of type are investigated through an analysis of their physical, social, and economic relationships. An argument of complicity is developed as an alternative to the traditional "eurourbanism" common to many municipal design guidelines. This position seeks to work within the context of the existing city, taking pleasure in its margins, gaps, and adjacencies. Considering the particular physical, cultural and economic conditions of the City of Richmond, this project is framed as the identification of an emerging spatial conception and program/use. The physical space of the city is seen to be shaped most directly by the inclusion of the automobile. The cultural influences of immigration are read on the surfaces of the city and through building programme. Economic realities shape the space of the city as a commodity to be constructed, marketed, and consumed. Through the analysis of the site and contextual conditions, strategies of spatial investigation emerged: the folding of the plane of the city (street) into the space of the building, the horizontal framing of the space of the city (serving as reference and dis-locator to both the automobile and the body as these move through the spaces of the project), and the assemblage of existing types to produce hybrid/mutant types. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

The characterization of function and authority relations of an entity provides the basis for representing what has been termed the "external structure of provenance." Such a representation enables an understanding of the administrative context in which an organizational entity and its agents conduct their activities and, in turn, illuminates the manner in which the records of an entity are created and maintained. The study applies a methodology enabling the mapping of the characterizable elements of function and competence of an entity over time and through the administrative hierarchy of its structure. Terms of analysis relating to the application of the concept of function are established, as are those relating to the structure of the entity. These provide a consistent means to identify the role and status of juridical persons comprising the organizational entity and to illustrate the nature of their activities in processes established to satisfy the entity's functional requisites. The municipal corporation of Richmond, British Columbia, is the subject of a case study serving to confirm the validity of terms in which external structure can be analyzed. The study first examines the purposeful nature of the entity's activities through their functional characterization. It then examines the nature of authority relations inherent in the entity's organizational design and manifest through organizational process and role defining the nature of its structure. The study then demonstrates how the resulting authority relationships, along with the competences of the entity, can be identified in processes of activity fulfilment as components of a system of purposive activity representing the entity as a unitary, organic whole. The functional-structural analysis of system provides the context for understanding activity manifest through observable processes by elements comprising the entity's organizational structure. The conceptual framework which results establishes the basis upon which the whole of the records of a municipal corporation can be viewed as constituting a fonds. The thesis concludes by examining some of the implications of the analysis for various aspects of archival practice.

The characterization of function and authority relations of an entity provides the basis for representing what has been termed the "external structure of provenance." Such a representation enables an understanding of the administrative context in which an organizational entity and its agents conduct their activities and, in turn, illuminates the manner in which the records of an entity are created and maintained. The study applies a methodology enabling the mapping of the characterizable elements of function and competence of an entity over time and through the administrative hierarchy of its structure. Terms of analysis relating to the application of the concept of function are established, as are those relating to the structure of the entity. These provide a consistent means to identify the role and status of juridical persons comprising the organizational entity and to illustrate the nature of their activities in processes established to satisfy the entity's functional requisites. The municipal corporation of Richmond, British Columbia, is the subject of a case study serving to confirm the validity of terms in which external structure can be analyzed. The study first examines the purposeful nature of the entity's activities through their functional characterization. It then examines the nature of authority relations inherent in the entity's organizational design and manifest through organizational process and role defining the nature of its structure. The study then demonstrates how the resulting authority relationships, along with the competences of the entity, can be identified in processes of activity fulfilment as components of a system of purposive activity representing the entity as a unitary, organic whole. The functional-structural analysis of system provides the context for understanding activity manifest through observable processes by elements comprising the entity's organizational structure. The conceptual framework which results establishes the basis upon which the whole of the records of a municipal corporation can be viewed as constituting a fonds. The thesis concludes by examining some of the implications of the analysis for various aspects of archival practice. / Arts, Faculty of / Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of / Graduate