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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Digital outcrop characterisation of syn-rift structure and stratigraphy : Nukhul half-graben, Suez Rift, Egypt

Rarity, Gil January 2012 (has links)
Syn-rift exposures are a prime source of knowledge on the structure and stratigraphy of rift basins and are vital for the petroleum industry as analogues for subsurface reservoirs. Focusing on superb exposures of the Oligo-Miocene rift initiation Nukhul half-graben in the Suez Rift, Egypt, this study investigates applications of 3D digital survey techniques, particularly terrestrial light detection and ranging (lidar), for (i) the analysis of syn-rift fault and facies architecture, and (ii) the building and testing of outcrop-based reservoir analogue models for early syn-rift settings. Lidar-based digital outcrop mapping of the Nukhul half-graben, combined with conventional fieldwork, facilitated quantification of thickness and facies relationships within syn-rift strata, and variations of throw along normal faults. The results provide new insights into the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the intra-block half-graben. At rift initiation, regional/eustatic sea-level and antecedent drainage are interpreted as the dominant controls on accommodation development and deposition, respectively. However, after just c. 2.5 myr of rifting, the structural template imposed by the propagation and linkage of four initially isolated pre-cursor segments of the Nukhul Fault became the dominant control on accommodation development and basin physiography. Progressive SE-NW back-stepping of facies strike-parallel to the Nukhul Fault suggests hangingwall subsidence was locally sufficient to outpace falls in regional sea-level, resulting in a dynamic transgressive system that progressed from a restricted tidal embayment to shallow marine seaway along fault strike. After c. 4.3 myr of rifting, regional drowning of the tidal system provides evidence for progressive localisation of displacement onto the present-day block-bounding structures and declining activity on the intra-block Nukhul Fault during the transition from rift initiation to rift climax. Development of digital outcrop techniques such as point cloud facies classification, 3D deterministic channel modelling and net-to-gross analysis provided reliable geostatistics on the geometry, distribution and heterogeneity of tide-influenced facies of the syn-rift Nukhul Formation. The high volume, reliability and spatial coverage of data reduced uncertainties related to stochastic facies modelling (in this case sequential indicator simulation and object-based techniques), facilitating building and testing of high-resolution analogue models for the complex facies and sequence architecture of early syn-rift tidal reservoirs. Visual analysis of static reservoir connectivity suggests some of the smallest-scale depositional elements, i.e. thin intercalations of mudstone and sandstone lamina in heterolithic facies, have the biggest impact on both reservoir volume and vertical connectivity in this syn-rift tidal system. Heterogeneities at the sequence stratigraphic scale also have significant impact on vertical reservoir compartmentalisation, whereas tidal channel lag deposits and tidal mud drapes have more localised effects. Use of lidar, when combined with conventional fieldwork, offers a powerful tool for quantitative spatial analysis of fault and facies architecture, tightly constraining 3D structural and stratigraphic interpretations and effectively increasing the statistical significance of outcrop analogues for reservoir characterisation. Future developments in survey technologies alongside geoscience-specific software for the integration and analysis of outcrop datasets will provide more diverse and quantitative information on geological heterogeneity, and promote wider-ranging applications in Earth sciences.
2

Análise tectono-estratigráfica das formações itaparica e água grande (Bacia do Recôncavo, Bahia)

Wiederkehr, Fabiane January 2010 (has links)
Com base em afloramentos da borda oeste da Bacia do Recôncavo foi efetuada uma análise estratigráfica do intervalo entre as formações Itaparica e Água Grande. Os resultados obtidos foram correlacionados com poços na confecção de seções geológicas no sentido dip e de mapas de espessuras para o intervalo total, arenito e pelito. Os dados de campo mostram os pelitos lacustres da Formação Itaparica sendo sucedidos por um sistema deltaico, que dá lugar a arenitos fluviais e eólicos da Formação Água Grande. Portanto, o perfil composto é caracterizado por uma sucessão progradacional, associada a uma progressiva diminuição da razão da taxa de subida do nível freático versus a taxa de influxo sedimentar. A seção de correlação com poços revela um espessamento do intervalo em direção ao depocentro da bacia. Os mapas gerados apresentam, também, boa relação com os compartimentos estruturais da bacia, além de corroborar com a progradação de um sistema siliciclástico de norte sobre um sistema lacustre a sul. Estes resultados revelam que as unidades estudadas foram depositadas sob controle da geometria do meio-gráben do Recôncavo, nos seus estágios iniciais de formação. / A stratigraphical analysis was performed on the Itaparica and Água Grande formations interval, based on outcrops of the western margin of Recôncavo Basin. The obtained results were correlated with boreholes for dip geologic sections and for isopach and isolith maps generation. The field data shows the Itaparica Formation lacustrine mudstones being succeeded by a deltaic system, which make way for the Água Grande Formation fluvio-eolian sandstones. Then, the composite profile is characterized by a progradational pattern and a drying upwards cycle. The geologic section with field and borehole data reveals the thickening of the interval towards the basin depocenter. Also the generated maps present good correlation with the basin‟s compartments, besides corroborating the progradation of a siliciclastic system coming from north to a lacustrine system at south. So, these results demonstrate that the studied units were deposited under the control of the Recôncavo‟s half-graben geometry, in its initial stages of evolution.
3

Análise tectono-estratigráfica das formações itaparica e água grande (Bacia do Recôncavo, Bahia)

Wiederkehr, Fabiane January 2010 (has links)
Com base em afloramentos da borda oeste da Bacia do Recôncavo foi efetuada uma análise estratigráfica do intervalo entre as formações Itaparica e Água Grande. Os resultados obtidos foram correlacionados com poços na confecção de seções geológicas no sentido dip e de mapas de espessuras para o intervalo total, arenito e pelito. Os dados de campo mostram os pelitos lacustres da Formação Itaparica sendo sucedidos por um sistema deltaico, que dá lugar a arenitos fluviais e eólicos da Formação Água Grande. Portanto, o perfil composto é caracterizado por uma sucessão progradacional, associada a uma progressiva diminuição da razão da taxa de subida do nível freático versus a taxa de influxo sedimentar. A seção de correlação com poços revela um espessamento do intervalo em direção ao depocentro da bacia. Os mapas gerados apresentam, também, boa relação com os compartimentos estruturais da bacia, além de corroborar com a progradação de um sistema siliciclástico de norte sobre um sistema lacustre a sul. Estes resultados revelam que as unidades estudadas foram depositadas sob controle da geometria do meio-gráben do Recôncavo, nos seus estágios iniciais de formação. / A stratigraphical analysis was performed on the Itaparica and Água Grande formations interval, based on outcrops of the western margin of Recôncavo Basin. The obtained results were correlated with boreholes for dip geologic sections and for isopach and isolith maps generation. The field data shows the Itaparica Formation lacustrine mudstones being succeeded by a deltaic system, which make way for the Água Grande Formation fluvio-eolian sandstones. Then, the composite profile is characterized by a progradational pattern and a drying upwards cycle. The geologic section with field and borehole data reveals the thickening of the interval towards the basin depocenter. Also the generated maps present good correlation with the basin‟s compartments, besides corroborating the progradation of a siliciclastic system coming from north to a lacustrine system at south. So, these results demonstrate that the studied units were deposited under the control of the Recôncavo‟s half-graben geometry, in its initial stages of evolution.
4

Análise tectono-estratigráfica das formações itaparica e água grande (Bacia do Recôncavo, Bahia)

Wiederkehr, Fabiane January 2010 (has links)
Com base em afloramentos da borda oeste da Bacia do Recôncavo foi efetuada uma análise estratigráfica do intervalo entre as formações Itaparica e Água Grande. Os resultados obtidos foram correlacionados com poços na confecção de seções geológicas no sentido dip e de mapas de espessuras para o intervalo total, arenito e pelito. Os dados de campo mostram os pelitos lacustres da Formação Itaparica sendo sucedidos por um sistema deltaico, que dá lugar a arenitos fluviais e eólicos da Formação Água Grande. Portanto, o perfil composto é caracterizado por uma sucessão progradacional, associada a uma progressiva diminuição da razão da taxa de subida do nível freático versus a taxa de influxo sedimentar. A seção de correlação com poços revela um espessamento do intervalo em direção ao depocentro da bacia. Os mapas gerados apresentam, também, boa relação com os compartimentos estruturais da bacia, além de corroborar com a progradação de um sistema siliciclástico de norte sobre um sistema lacustre a sul. Estes resultados revelam que as unidades estudadas foram depositadas sob controle da geometria do meio-gráben do Recôncavo, nos seus estágios iniciais de formação. / A stratigraphical analysis was performed on the Itaparica and Água Grande formations interval, based on outcrops of the western margin of Recôncavo Basin. The obtained results were correlated with boreholes for dip geologic sections and for isopach and isolith maps generation. The field data shows the Itaparica Formation lacustrine mudstones being succeeded by a deltaic system, which make way for the Água Grande Formation fluvio-eolian sandstones. Then, the composite profile is characterized by a progradational pattern and a drying upwards cycle. The geologic section with field and borehole data reveals the thickening of the interval towards the basin depocenter. Also the generated maps present good correlation with the basin‟s compartments, besides corroborating the progradation of a siliciclastic system coming from north to a lacustrine system at south. So, these results demonstrate that the studied units were deposited under the control of the Recôncavo‟s half-graben geometry, in its initial stages of evolution.

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