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Improving Storm Surge Hazard Characterization Using "Pseudo-surge" to Augment Hydrodynamic Simulation OutputsMatthew P. Shisler (5930855) 15 May 2019 (has links)
Joint probability methods for assessing storm surge flood risk involve
the use of a collection of hydrodynamic storm simulations to fit a response
surface model describing the functional relationship between storm surge and
storm parameters like central pressure deficit and the radius of maximum wind
speed. However, in areas with a sufficiently low probability of flooding, few
storms in the simulated storm suite may produce surge, with most storms leaving
the location dry with zero flooding. Analysts could treat these zero-depth, “non-wetting”
storms as either truncated or censored data. If non-wetting storms are excluded
from the training set used to fit the storm surge response surface, the
resulting suite of wetting storms may have too few observations to produce a
good fit; in the worst case, the model may no longer be identifiable. If
non-wetting storms are censored using a constant value, this could skew the
response surface fit. The problem is that non-wetting storms are
indistinguishable, but some storms may have been closer to wetting than others
for a given location. To address these issues, this thesis proposes the concept
of a negative surge, or “pseudo-surge”, value with the intent to describe how
close a storm came to causing surge at a location. Optimal pseudo-surge values
are determined by their ability to improve the predictive performance of the
response surface via minimization of a modified least squares error function.
We compare flood depth exceedance estimates generated with and without
pseudo-surge to determine the value of perfect information. Though not uniformly reducing flood depth
exceedance estimate bias, pseudo-surge values do make improvements for some
regions where <40% of simulated storms produced wetting. Furthermore, pseudo-surge
values show potential to replace a post-processing heuristic implemented in the
state-of-the-art response surface methodology that corrects flood depth
exceedance estimates for locations where very few storms cause wetting.
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Řízení rizik v oblasti provozu elektronického obchodu / Risk Management in Electronic Business OperationJanda, Tomáš January 2018 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of electronic commerce operation and risk analysis on a concrete example of a company that wants to break on the market through the internet shop. The thesis builds on a theoretical basis of e-business, e-commerce, e-shop features, information systems and risk engineering. Based on the theoretical backgrounds, were the risk analysis and suggestions made to prevent and potentially mitigate these risks to an acceptable level.
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Rizikové inženýrství v české energetice / Risk Engineering in Czech Power EngineeringMíčková, Petra January 2015 (has links)
The work focuses on risk management in the Czech power engineering, introduces its functioning and connections. It also explains some of the general principles of risk management, its importance in the energy sector and energy projects. Selected risk management methods are described, which is the basis for the recommendation of one of them for application in the field of power engineering. The selected method is further demonstrated in the example of power energy project and its enhancements are proposed.
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Rizika řízení průběhu projektu v podniku / Risks of project processing in a companyPoláčková, Tereza January 2015 (has links)
The thesis deals with problems regarding management of risks during the development of a project. First, methodological basis and procedures for evaluating the development of the project are introduced. In the practical part of the thesis, company is presented and development of specific bridge construction with all the risks involved is analyzed. The aim of the thesis is execution of risk analysis on specific project and suggestion for precautions eliminating its risks.
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Modelování rizik v dopravě / Risk modelling in transportationLipovský, Tomáš January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with theoretical basics of risk modelling in transportation and optimization using aggregated traffic data. In this thesis is suggested the procedure and implemented the application solving network problem of shortest path between geographical points. The thesis includes method for special paths evaluation depending on the frequency of traffic incidents based on real historical data. The thesis also includes a~graphical interface for presentation of the achieved results.
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Posouzení rizik při provádění zatěžovacích zkoušek stavebních konstrukcí / Risk assessment in the implementation of load tests on building structuresEšpandr, Jan January 2016 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the risks during the executing of the loading tests of building constructions. The thesis focuses on the explanation of some of the terms in the field of risk management, the description of the individual types of loading tests of building constructions, the identification of the risks during the loading tests and their assessment. Analytical methods were used for assessing of the individual risks. Ishikawa diagrams were used for the basic identification of the risks. These risks were further assessed in the FMEA analysis and the results were filled in the Pareto charts. In conclusion of the practical part of the diploma thesis the HRA method was used for the more precise assessment of the human failure in the whole process of executing of the loading tests of building constructions.
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IDENTIFICATION OF FAILURE-CAUSED TRAFFIC CONFLICTS IN TRACKING SYSTEMS: A GENERAL FRAMEWORKCristhian Lizarazo Jimenez (9375209) 16 December 2020 (has links)
<p><a>Proactive evaluation of road safety is
one of the most important objectives of transportation engineers. While current
practice typically relies on crash-based analysis after the fact to diagnose
safety problems and provide corrective countermeasures on roads, surrogate measures
of safety are emerging as a complementary evaluation that can allow engineers
to proactively respond to safety issues. These surrogate measures attempt to address
the primary limitations of crash data, which include underreporting, lack of
reliable insight into the events leading to the crash, and long data collection
times. </a></p>
<p>Traffic
conflicts are one of the most widely adopted surrogate measures of safety
because they meet the following two conditions for crash surrogacy: (1) they
are non-crash events that can be physically related in a predictable and
reliable way to crashes, and (2) there is a potential for bridging crash
frequency and severity with traffic conflicts. However, three primary issues
were identified in the literature that need to be resolved for the practical
application of conflicts: (1) the lack of consistency in the definition of traffic
conflict, (2) the predictive validity from such events, and (3) the adequacy of traffic conflict observations.</p>
<p>Tarko
(2018) developed a theoretical framework in response to the first two issues
and defined traffic conflicts using counterfactual theory as events where the lack
of timely responses from drivers or road users can produce crashes if there is
no evasive action. The author further introduced a failure-based definition to emphasize conflicts as an undesirable
condition that needs to be corrected to avoid a crash. In this case, the
probability of a crash, given failure, depends on the response delay. The
distribution of this delay is adjusted, and the probability is estimated using
the fitted distribution. As this formal theory addresses the first two issues,
a complete framework for the proper identification of conflicts needs to be
investigated in line with the failure mechanism proposed in this theory.</p>
<p>The
objective of this dissertation, in response to the third issue, is to provide a
generalized framework for proper identification of traffic conflicts by
considering the failure-based definition of traffic conflicts. The framework introduced
in this dissertation is built upon an empirical evaluation of the methods
applied to identify traffic conflicts from naturalistic driving studies and
video-based tracking systems. This dissertation aimed to prove the practicality
of the framework for proactive safety evaluation using emerging technologies
from in-vehicle and roadside instrumentation.</p>
<p>Two
conditions must be met to properly claim observed traffic events as traffic
conflicts: (1) analysis of longitudinal and lateral acceleration profiles for
identification of response due to failure and (2) estimation of the time-to-collision
as the period between the end of the evasion and the hypothetical collision.
Extrapolating user behavior in the counterfactual scenario of no evasion is
applied for identifying the hypothetical collision point.</p>
<p>The
results from the SHRP2 study were particularly encouraging, where the appropriate
identification of traffic conflicts resulted in the estimation of an expected
number of crashes similar to the number reported in the study. The results also
met the theoretical postulates including stabilization of the estimated crashes
at lower proximity values and Lomax-distributed response delays. In terms of area-wide
tracking systems, the framework was successful in identifying and removing failure-free
encounters from the In-Depth understanding of accident causation for Vulnerable
road users (InDeV) program.</p>
<p>This
dissertation also extended the application of traffic conflicts technique by considering
estimation of the severity of a hypothetical crash given that a conflict occurs.
This component is important in order for conflicts to resemble the practical
applications of crashes, including the diagnostics of hazardous locations and evaluating the effectiveness of the countermeasures. Countermeasures should not only reduce the
number of conflicts but also the risk of crash given the conflict. Severity
analysis identifies the environmental, road, driver, and pre-crash conditions
that increase the likelihood of severe impacts. Using dynamic characterization of
crash events, this dissertation structured a probability model to evaluate
crash reporting and its associated severity. Multinomial logistic models were
applied in the estimation; and quasi-complete separation in logistic regression
was addressed by providing a Bayesian estimation of these models.</p>
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