Orientador: Ana Tereza Caceres Cortez / Banca: Helmut Troppmair / Banca: Ricardo Wagner ad-Víncula Veado / Resumo: Os Comitês de Gerenciamento de Bacias Hidrograticas têm sido objeto de uma série de estudos de caso, que apresentam as particularidades da formação, representação e atuação destes Comitês sem situá-Ios em um contexto maior. Neste trabalho procura-se mostrar uma visão geral da importância dada aos problemas ambientais a partir das últimas décadas do século XX, e, em especial, a importância assumida pelas questões de manejo, recuperação e conservação dos recursos hídricos no Brasil. São apresentados de modo detalhado o Sistema de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Brasil, de 1997, e de Santa Catarina, de 1994, a fim de mostrar o papel dos Comitês de Gerenciamento de Bacias Hidrográficas nestes Sistemas. Tratando de modo mais específico, foram apresentadas as potencialidades e as dificuldades da atuação e o trabalho dos 16 Comitês de Gerenciamento de Bacias Hidrográficas no Estado de Santa Catarina, dentro da metodologia do Sistema de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos que as idealizou. Por fim, são apontadas as contribuições que a Geografia pode dar ao processo de gestão de recursos hídricos no Brasil. / Abstract: The Committees of Hydrographic Basins Management have been object of many case studies, witch show the particularities of formation, representation and actuation of these Committees, without pointing out them in a bigger context. In this work the aim is to display a general view of the importance concerning to the enviromental questions from the last decades of the XX century and, specially, the value assumed by the hydrical resources' management, recovering and conservation issues in Brazil. It's detailed Brazil's (1997) and Santa Catarina's (1994) Hydric Resource Management Systems, intending to reveal the role of the committees of hydrographic basins in those Systems. More specifically, have been presented potentialities and difficulties in the actuation and the work of the 16 Committees of Management of Hydrographic Basins in the State of Santa Catarina, within the methodology of the Hydric Resources Management System that idealized them. To conclude, have been pointed out the contributions with which Geography can suply the process of hydrical resources management in Brazil. / Mestre

Orientador: Célia Regina Zimback / Banca: Affonso Maria de Carvalho / Banca: Sergio Pascoal de Campos / Resumo: A realidade atual mostra um quadro adverso quanto ao modo de vida do homem em relação à Natureza. Regiões, que anteriormente encontravam-se sob vegetação natural de florestas, com grande infiltração de água, hoje estão completamente impermeabilizadas pelas áreas urbanas ou ocupadas por cultivos agrícolas intensivos e já apresentam sinais de erosão acelerada, evidenciando o manejo inadequado dos solos. Vendo a necessidade de um planejamento ambiental, fazem-se necessários estudos mais aprofundados sobre as características das bacias hidrográficas. O presente trabalho foi conduzido na bacia do Ribeirão Lavapés no município de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, abrangendo uma área de 10.704 ha. A finalidade deste estudo foi mapear os principais parâmetros pedológicos e ambientais da bacia hidrográfica caracterizada, através da utilização das ferramentas do geoprocessamento como os sistemas de informações geográficas e o emprego da interpolação em geoestatística ("krigagem"), visando criar um banco de dados georreferenciado, e oferecer suporte às tomadas de decisões no planejamento ambiental. Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar que a bacia do Ribeirão Lavapés possui como maior uso as pastagens representando 40,7%, seguida de culturas agrícolas como o cultivo de cana de açúcar na porção inferior da bacia perfazendo 20,1%, sendo que a mancha urbana do município abrange 21,7% do total da bacia. Os impactos ambientais devido á falta de planejamento na ocupação desta bacia são evidentes, ao se analisar os resultados obtidos do conflito referente ao uso atual, em relação às classes de capacidade de uso, onde os cultivos agrícolas ocupam 4,6% de áreas impróprias e a mancha urbana invadiu 4,15% de áreas próprias para a agricultura. Outro conflito verificado na bacia do "Lavapés" é com relação às áreas de preservação permanente, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present reality shows an adverse relation between the human life style and the Nature. Natural regions that in the past were covered by natural forests, with high level of water infiltration, today are completely impermeable by the expansion of the urban areas or are occupied by intensive agriculture. So these regions present accelerated signals of erosion, evidencing inadequate soil management. Consequently the need of an environmental planning has been necessary, demanding more detailed studies of the watersheds characteristics. The present work was realized in the Ribeirão Lavapés watershed, located on Botucatu City, Sao Paulo State, draining 10,704 ha. The aim of this study was to map the main pedologic-environmental parameters of this watershed using geoprocessed instruments like as geographic information systems and employment of interpolation in geostatistics (kriging), targeting to create a "georeferenced" data bank and offer support for decisions in environmental planning. The results lead to conclude that Ribeirão Lavapés watershed has as major use in pasture representing 40.7%, followed by agriculture like as sugar cane culture in the bottom part of the watershed taking 20.1%, and the urban zone represents 21.7% of the total area. The environmental impacts occur because no planning of the "Lavapés" watershed occupation is evident, analyzing the results obtained with the present use of its lands. Also, the class capacity use has been characterized as agriculture occupying 4.6% of improper areas, and the urban zone invades 4.15% of proper agriculture areas. Another conflict evidenced in this watershed is related with permanent preservation areas that should represent 9.2% as the environmental protection law determine. However, to correct this problem it is necessary to restore 6.03% of the watershed area, whose legal reserve should represent 20%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Valdemir Antonio Rodrigues / Banca: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: Luiza Helena Duenhas / Abstract: The preservation of the biodiversity of the vegetation in the micro watershed is of basic importance for the maintenance of the animal and vegetal wild life, ambient services and protection of the biosfera. The morphometry is a tool of great importance as diagnostic of susceptibility to the ambient degradation or conservation and guides the planning and handling of the micro watershed. The present study had as objective the morphometric characterization and analysis of biodiversity in the micro watershed of the Edgárdia Farm, Botucatu - SP. The micro watershed of the Edgárdia Farm belongs to the College of Agronomicas Ciencias/UNESP, city of Botucatu - SP. The program used for the attainment of the morphometrical variable was the ILWIS 3.2 version and the topographical letter of the IBGE with 1:50.000 scale. In the study of biodiversity four transects in the micro watershed had been installed, in the parts high (superior third), medium high and medium low (medium third) and low (inferior third) of the micro watershed, in which parcels of 10 x 5 meters had been installed. In the four transects, the forest species had been quantified and commanded in popular and classified families, species, names in its respective ecological successions (pioneer, secondary or climax). It was measured in each tree the height and the diameter in the height of the chest (DAP). The morphometrical variable and the results were: area of 7,205 kmø; perimeter of 11,59 km; length and width of micro watershed 3,578 the equal 3,016 km; length of the draining net and quotas of 15,68 km and 1100,00 km; factor of form 0,79, considered very high; density of draining of 2,18 km.kmø, classified as average; the high declivity of 76,98%, in accordance with the classes of declivities and types of relief of the micro watershed, was classified as scarped; frequency of rivers the 3,19 segments of rivers... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre